Papers pile

Acute Infection
AIDS in Children
AIDS Pathogenesis
Behavioral Issues
Cost-Effectiveness
Drug Resistance
Envelope of HIV
Epidemiology
Genetics of Susceptibility to HIV
HAART Treatment
HEU Infants

HIV & Cancer
HIV & Chronic Disease
HIV Co-infection
Immune Response
Laboratory-Techniques
Molecular Virology
Nutritional Issues
Policy Issues
Prevention of Infection
PMTCT
Vaccine Development

Paper by Topic - Acute Infection

Acute Infection

Novitsky V, Prague M, Moyo S, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Kadima Yankinda E, Chakalisa U, Lebelonyane R, Khan N, Powis KM, Widenfelt E, Gaseitsiwe S, Dryden-Peterson SL, Pretorius Holme M, De Gruttola V, Bachanas P, Makhema J, Lockman S, Essex M. High HIV-1 RNA among Newly Diagnosed People in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Dec 7

Moyo S, Kotokwe KP, Mohammed T, Boleo C, Mupfumi L, Chishala S, Tsalaile L, Bussmann H, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, Makhema J, Baum M, Marlink R, Engelbrecht S, Essex M, Novitsky V. Short Communication: Low False Recent Rate of Limiting Antigen-Avidity Assay Combined with HIV-1 RNA Data in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Jan

Moyo S, Vandormael A, Wilkinson E, Engelbrecht S, Gaseitsiwe S, Kotokwe KP, Musonda R, Tanser F, Essex M, Novitsky V, de Oliveira T. Analysis of Viral Diversity in Relation to the Recency of HIV-1C Infection in Botswana. PLoS One. 2016 Aug 23

Moyo S, Kotokwe KP, Mohammed T, Boleo C, Mupfumi L, Chishala S, Tsalaile L, Bussmann H, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, Makhema J, Baum MK, Marlink RG, Engelbrecht S, Essex M, Novitsky V. Low False Recent Rate of Limiting Antigen-Avidity Assay Combined with HIV-1 RNA Data in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Aug 1

Rossenkhan R, MacLeod IJ, Brumme ZL, Magaret C, Sebunya TK, Musonda R, Gashe BA, Novitsky V, Edlefsen P, Essex M. Transmitted / founder HIV-1 subtype C viruses show distinctive signature patterns in Vif, Vpr and Vpu that are under subsequent immune pressure during early infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Jun 28

Wu JW, Patterson-Lomba O, Novitsky V, Pagano M. A Generalized Entropy Measure of Within-Host Viral Diversity for Identifying Recent HIV-1 Infections. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Oct

Moyo S, Wilkinson E, Novitsky V, Vandormael A, Gaseitsiwe S, Essex M, Engelbrecht S, de Oliveira T. Identifying Recent HIV Infections: From Serological Assays to Genomics. Viruses. 2015 Oct 23

Liu SH, Erion G, Novitsky V, De Gruttola V. Viral Genetic Linkage Analysis in the Presence of Missing Data. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 24

Laeyendecker, O., Brookmeyer, R., Mullis, C., Donnell, D., Lingappa, J., Celum, C., Baeten, J.M., Campbell, M.S. , Essex, M., de Bruyn, G., Farquhar, C., Quinn, T.C., Eshleman, S. Specificity of four laboratory approaches for cross-sectional HIV incidence determination: Analysis of samples from adults with known non-recent HIV infection from five African countries. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jan 29 2012

Novitsky, V., Essex, M. Using HIV viral load to guide treatment-for-prevention interventions. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. Jan 16 2012

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Baca, J., Margolin, L., McLane, MF., Moyo, S., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., Essex, M. Evolutionary gamut of in vivo Gag substitutions during early HIV-1 subtype C infection. Virology. Oct 17 2011

Novitsky, V., Ndung’u, T., Wang, R., Bussmann, H., Chonco, F., Makhema, J., De Gruttola, V., Walker, B.D., Essex, M. Extended high viremics: a substantial fraction of individuals maintain high plasma viral RNA levels after acute HIV-1 subtype C infection. AIDS.2011 Apr 18

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Margolin, L., Baca, J., Rossenkhan, R., Moyo, S., van Widenfelt, E., and Essex, M. Transmission of Single and Multiple Viral Variants in Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection.PLoS One. 2011

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Bussmann, H., Lockman, S., Baum, M., Shapiro, R., Thior, I., Wester, C., Wester, C.W., Ogwu, A., Asmelash, A., Musonda, R., Campa, A., Moyo, S., van Widenfelt, E., Mine, M., Moffat, C., Mmalane, M., Makhema, J., Marlink, R., Gilbert, P., Seage, G.R. 3rd, DeGruttola, V., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load as Potential Targets for the “Test-and-Treat” Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission. PloS One. 2010

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Margolin, L., Baca, J., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., and Essex, M. Dynamics and Timing of in Vivo Mutations at Gag Residue 242 during Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection.Virology. 2010

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Kebaabetswe, L., Greenwald, J., Rossenkhan, R., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., Woldegabriel, E., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Better Control of Early Viral Replication Is Associated with Slower Rate of Elicited Antiviral Antibodies in the Detuned EIA during Primary HIV-1C Infection. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2009

Novitsky, V., Lagakos, S., Herzig, M., Bonney, C., Kebaabetswe, L, Rossenkhan, R., Nkwe, D., Margolin, L., Musonda, R., Moyo, S., Woldegabriel, E., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. Evolution of Proviral gp120 over the First Year of HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. Virology. 2009

Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Kebaabetswe, L., Rossenkhan, R., Mlotshwa, B., Bonney, C., Herzig, M., Finucane, M., Musonda, R., Moyo, S., Wester, C., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Viral Load and CD4+ T Cell Dynamics in Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2009

Lockman, S., Creek, T. Acute maternal HIV infection during pregnancy and breast-feeding: substantial risk to infants. J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep

Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Wester, C., McDonald, E., Rossenkhan, R., Ketunuti, M., Makhema, J., Seage, G.R, III, and Essex, M. Identification of Primary HIV-1C Infection in Botswana. AIDS Care. 2008

Novitsky, V., Gaolath, T., Woldegabriel, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. A Seronegative Case of HIV-1 Subtype C Infection in Botswana. Clin. Infect. Dis 2007

AIDS in Children

Ajibola G, Leidner J, Mayondi GK, van Widenfelt E, Madidimalo T, Petlo C, Moyo S, Mmalane M, Williams PL, Cassidy AR, Shapiro R, Kammerer B, Lockman S. HIV Exposure and Formula Feeding Predict Under-2 Mortality in HIV-Uninfected Children, Botswana. J Pediatr. 2018 Oct 11.

Slogrove AL, Becquet R, Chadwick EG, Côté HCF, Essajee S, Hazra R, Leroy V, Mahy M, Murenga M, Wambui Mwangi J, Oyiengo L, Rollins N, Penazzato M, Seage GR 3rd, Serghides L, Vicari M, Powis KM. Surviving and Thriving-Shifting the Public Health Response to HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: Report of the 3rd HIV-Exposed Uninfected Child Workshop. Front Pediatr. 2018 May 30;6:157

Balasubramanian R, Fowler MG, Dominguez K, Lockman S, Tookey PA, Huong NNG, Nesheim S, Hughes MD, Lallemant M, Tosswill J, Shaffer N, Sherman G, Palumbo P, Shapiro DE. Time to first positive HIV-1 DNA PCR may differ with antiretroviral regimen in infants infected with non-B subtype HIV-1. AIDS. 2017 Sep 18.

Zash R, Souda S, Leidner J, Ribaudo H, Binda K, Moyo S, Powis KM, Petlo C, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S, Shapiro R. HIV-exposed children account for more than half of 24-month mortality in Botswana. BMC Pediatr. 2016 Jul 21

Zash RM, Ajose-Popoola O, Stordal K, Souda S, Ogwu A, Dryden-Peterson S, Powis K, Lockman S, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Risk factors for mortality among human immunodeficiency virus-exposed and unexposed infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Botswana
J Paediatr Child Health. 2013 Dec 23

Dryden-Peterson S, Jayeoba O, Hughes MD, Jibril H, McIntosh K, Modise TA, Asmelash A, Powis KM, Essex M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis and Risk of Severe Anemia or Severe Neutropenia in HAART-Exposed, HIV-Uninfected Infants. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 23

Brown, B.J., Oladokun, R.E., Osinusi, K., Ochigbo, S., Adewole, I.F., Kanki, P. Disclosure of HIV status to infected children in a Nigerian HIV Care Programme. AIDS Care. 2011 Sept 23

Heidari, S., Mofenson, L.M., Hobbs, C.V., Cotton, M.F., Marlink, R., Katabira, E. Unresolved Antiretroviral Treatment Management Issues in HIV-Infected Children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Dec 1

Matthews, L.T., Ribaudo, H.J., Parekh, N.K., Chen, J.Y., Binda, K., Ogwu, A., Makhema, J., Souda, S., Lockman, S., Essex, M., Shapiro, R.L. Birth weight for gestational age norms for a large cohort of infants born to HIV-negative women in Botswana compared with norms for U.S-born black infants. BMC Pediatr. 2011 Dec 16

Parekh, N., Ribaudo, H., Souda, S., Chen, J., Mmalane, M., Powis, K., Essex, M., Makhema, J., Shapiro, R.L. Risk factors for very preterm delivery and delivery of very-small-for-gestational-age infants among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Botswana. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011 Jul 16

MacLeod, I.J., Rowley, C.F., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Minor Resistant Variants in Nevirapine-Exposed Infants May Predict Virologic Failure on Nevirapine-Containing ART. J. Clin. Virol. 2010

Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S. Mortality among HIV-exposed infants: the first and final frontier. Clin Infect Dis.2010 Feb 1

Lockman, S., Creek, T. Acute maternal HIV infection during pregnancy and breast-feeding: substantial risk to infants. J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 1

Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Van-Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd.,Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008 Feb 15

Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd.Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ cell evolution among children and adolescents infected with HIV: 5 years and counting. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008 Jun 1

Williams, PL., Van-Dyke, R., Eagle, M., Smith, D., Vincent, C., Ciupak, G., Oleske, J., Seage, GR, 3rd. Association of site-specific and participant-specific factors with retention of children in a long-term pediatric HIV cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2008 Jun 1

Brogly, SB., Ylitalo, N., Mofenson, LM., Oleske, J., Van-Dyke, R., Crain, MJ., Abzug, MJ., Brady, M., Jean-Philippe, P., Hughes, MD., Seage, GR, 3rd. In utero nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure and signs of possible mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children.AIDS.2007 May 11

AIDS Pathogenesis

Xie W, Agniel D, Shevchenko A, Malov SV, Svitin A, Cherkasov N, Baum MK, Campa A, Gaseitsiwe S, Bussmann H, Makhema J, Marlink RG, Novitsky V, Lee TH, Cai T, O’Brien SJ, Essex M. Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal Gene Influence on HIV Disease Progression and HIV-1C Acquisition in Southern Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 Jan 28

Farahani M, Novitsky V, Wang R, Bussmann H, Moyo S, Musonda RM, Moeti T, Makhema JM, Essex M, Marlink R. Prognostic Value of HIV-1 RNA on CD4 Trajectories and Disease Progression Among Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Adults in Botswana: A Joint Modeling Analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Jun

Novitsky V, Kühnert D, Moyo S, Widenfelt E, Okui L, Essex M. Phylodynamic analysis of HIV sub-epidemics in Mochudi, Botswana. Epidemics. 2015 Dec

Iketleng T, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Nyombi BM, Mitchell R, Makhema J, Baum MK, Marlink RG, Essex M, Musonda R. Plasma Cytokine Levels in Chronic Asymptomatic HIV-1 Subtype C Infection as an Indicator of Disease Progression in Botswana: A Retrospective Case Control Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2015 Sep 28

Adland E, Paioni P, Thobakgale C, Laker L, Mori L, Muenchhoff M, Csala A, Clapson M, Flynn J, Novelli V, Hurst J, Naidoo V, Shapiro R, Huang KH, Frater J, Prendergast A, Prado JG, Ndung’u T, Walker BD, Carrington M, Jooste P, Goulder PJ. Discordant Impact of HLA on Viral Replicative Capacity and Disease Progression in Pediatric and Adult HIV Infection. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Jun 15

Pramanik Sollerkvist L, Gaseitsiwe S, Mine M, Sebetso G, Mphoyakgosi T, Diphoko T, Essex M, Ehrnst A. Increased CXCR4 use of HIV-1 subtype C identified by population sequencing in patients failing antiretroviral treatment compared with treatment-naïve patients in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Nov 8

Lin, N.H., Negusse, D.M., Beroukhim, R., Giguel, F., Lockman, S., Essex, M., and Kuritzkes, D.R.The Design and Validation of a Novel Phenotypic Assay to Determine HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage of Clinical Isolates. J Virol Methods. 2010

Lingappa., J.R., Baeten, J.M., Wald, A., Hughes, J.P., Thomas, K.T., Mujugira, A., Mugo, N., Bukusi, E.A., Cohen, C.R., Katabira, E., Ronald, A., Kiarie, J., Farquhar, C., Steward, G.J., Makehma, J., Essex, M., Were, E., Fife, K.H., de Bruyen, G., Gray, G.E., McIntyre, J.A., Manongi, R., Kapiga, S., Coetzee, D., Allen, S., Inambao, M., Kayitenkore, K., Karita, E., Kanweka, W., Delany, S., Rees, H., Vwalika, B., Magaret, A.S., Wang, R.S., Kidoguchi, L., Barnes, L., Ridzon, R., Corey, L., and Celum, C. for the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team.Daily aciclovir for HIV-1 disease progression in people dually infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2010

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Margolin, L., Baca, J., Kebaabetswe, L., Rossenkhan, R., Bonney, C., Herzig, M., Nkwe, D., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., Woldegabriel, E., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Timing Constraints of in Vivo Gag Mutations during Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. PLoS One. 2009

Essex, M., and Lu, Y. HIV/AIDS: Lessons from a New Disease Pandemic. In: Emerging Infections in Asia. Lu, Y., Essex, M., and Roberts, B., eds. New York: Springer. 2008

Kuritzkes, DR. HIV-1 subtype as a determinant of disease progression. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 Mar 1

Antelman, G., Kaaya, S., Wei, R., Mbwambo, J., Msamanga, GI., Fawzi, WW., Fawzi, MC.Depressive symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania. JAIDS. 2007 Apr 1

MacNeil, A., Sankale, JL., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Mboup, S., Kanki, P. Long-term intrapatient viral evolution during HIV-2 infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2007 Mar 1

MacNeil, A., Sankale, JL., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Mboup, S., Kanki, P. Direct evidence of lower viral replication rates in vivo in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection than in HIV-1 infection. J. Virol.2007 May

Behavioral Issues

Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Powis KM, Pretorius Holme M, Mohammed T, Zahralban-Steele M, Yankinde EK, Maphorisa C, Abrams W, Lebelonyane R, Manyake K, Sekoto T, Mmalane M, Gaolathe T, Wirth KE, Makhema J, Lockman S, Clarke W, Essex M, Novitsky V. Undisclosed antiretroviral drug use in Botswana: implication for national estimates. AIDS. 2018 May 11.

Ledikwe JH, Ramabu NM, Spees LP, Barnhart S, Ntsuape C, Semo BW, Wirth KE. Early resumption of sexual activity following voluntary medical male circumcision in Botswana: A qualitative study. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 14.

Agaba PA, Meloni ST, Sule HM, Agaba EI, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ. Sexual dysfunction and its determinants among women infected with HIV. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017 Mar 8

Ahmed S, Bärnighausen T, Daniels N, Marlink R, Roberts MJ. How providers influence the implementation of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling in Botswana: a qualitative study. Implement Sci. 2016 Feb 11

Mayondi GK, Wirth K, Morroni C, Moyo S, Ajibola G, Diseko M, Sakoi M, Magetse JD, Moabi K, Leidner J, Makhema J, Kammerer B, Lockman S. Unintended pregnancy, contraceptive use, and childbearing desires among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Botswana: across-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jan

Kathleen E. Wirth Bazghina-werq Semo, Conrad Ntsuape, Nankie M. Ramabu, Boyce Otlhomile, Rebeca M. Plank, Scott Barnhart Jenny H. Ledikwe Triggering the decision to undergo medical male circumcision: a qualitative study of adult men in Botswana. AIDS Care. 2016 Jan

Auld AF, Shiraishi RW, Mbofana F, Couto A, Fetogang EB, El-Halabi S, Lebelonyane R, Pilatwe PT, Hamunime N, Okello V, Mutasa-Apollo T, Mugurungi O, Murungu J, Dzangare J, Kwesigabo G, Wabwire-Mangen F, Mulenga M, Hachizovu S, Ettiegne-Traore V, Mohamed F; MSAE, Bashorun A, Nhan do T, Hai NH, Quang TH, Van Onacker JD, Francois K, Robin EG, Desforges G, Farahani M, Kamiru H, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Ehrenkranz P, Denison JA, Koole O, Tsui S, Torpey K, Mukadi YD, van Praag E, Menten J, Mastro TD, Hamilton CD, Abiri OO, Griswold M, Pierre E, Xavier C, Alfredo C, Jobarteh K, Letebele M, Agolory S, Baughman AL, Mutandi G, Preko P, Ryan C, Ao T, Gonese E, Herman-Roloff A, Ekra KA, Kouakou JS, Odafe S, Onotu D, Dalhatu I, Debem HH, Nguyen DB, Yen le N, Abdul-Quader AS, Pelletier V, Williams SG, Behel S, Bicego G, Swaminathan M, Dokubo EK, Adjorlolo-Johnson G, Marlink R, Lowrance D, Spira T, Colebunders R, Bangsberg D, Zee A, Kaplan J, Ellerbrock TV. Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Among Men with HIV Compared with Women – 12 Countries, 2002-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Nov 27

Schaan MM, Taylor M, Gungqisa N, Marlink R. Personal views about womanhood amongst women living with HIV in Botswana. Cult Health Sex. 2015 Aug 25

Novitsky V, Bussmann H, Okui L, Logan A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Mmalane M, Lei Q, Holme MP, Makhema J, Lockman S, Degruttola V, Essex M. Estimated age and gender profile of individuals missed by a home-based HIV testing and counselling campaign in a Botswana community. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015 May 29

Jayeoba, O., Dryden-Peterson, S., Okui, L., Smeaton, L., Magetse, J., Makori, L., Modikwa, V., Mogodi, M., Plank, R., Lockman, S. Acceptability of Male Circumcision Among Adolescent Boys and their Parents, Botswana. AIDS Behav. Mar 25 2011

Kebaabetswe, P., Ndase, P., Mujugira, A., Sekoto, T., Ntshimane, M., Owor, A., Makhema, J., Thior, I., and Essex, M. Perceptions of couple HIV counseling and testing in Botswana: A stakeholder analysis. Patient Educ. Couns. 2010

Plank, R.M., Makhema, J., Kebaabetswe, P., Hussein, F., Leseidi, C., Halperinm D., Bassil, B., Shapiro, R., Lockman, S. Acceptability of infant male circumcision as part of HIV prevention and male reporductive health efforts in Gaborone, Botswana, and surrounding areas. AIDS Behav. Oct 2010

Fisher, JC., Cook, PA., Sam, NE., Kapiga, SH. Patterns of alcohol use, problem drinking, and HIV infection among high-risk African women. Sex. Transm. Dis. Jun 2008

Frosythe S, Bertozzi S, Moatti JP, Marlink R, Luchini S, Kazatchkine M. I. Infoming scale-up and resource allocation: the use of economic analysis. II. Universal Access to HIV Treatment in Developing Countries: Going Beyond the Misinterpretations of the “Cost-effectiveness” Algorithm. III. The Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on households and economies. AIDS. July 2008

Martinez, P., Andia, I., Emenyonu, N., Hahn, J A., Hauff, E., Pepper, L., Bangsberg, DR. Alcohol use, depressive symptoms and the receipt of antiretroviral therapy in southwest Uganda. AIDS-Behav. Jul 2008

Fisher, JC., Bang, H., Kapiga, SH. The association between HIV infection and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of African studies. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2007

Cost-Effectiveness

Ciaranello, A.L., Lockman, S., Freedberg, K.A., Hughes, M., Chu, J., Currier, J., Wood, R., Holmes, C.B., Pillay, S., Conradie, F., McIntyre, J., Losina, E., Walensky, R.P. for the CEPAC-International and OCTANE Investigators. First-line antiretroviral therapy after single-dose nevirapine exposure in South Africa: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the OCTANE trial. AIDS. 2011 Feb 20

Chigwedere, P. and Essex, M. AIDS Denialism and Public Health Practice. AIDS Behav. 2010 Jan 8

Bussmann, C., Rotz, P., Ndwapi, N., Baxter, D., Bussmann, Hi., Wester, W.C., Ncube, P., Avalos, A., Mine, M., Mabe, E., Burns, P.J., Cardiello, P., Makehma, J., Marlink, R. Strengthening Healthcard Capacity Through a Responsive, Country-Specific, Training Standard: The KITSO AIDS Training Program’s Support of Botswana’s National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout. The Open AIDS Journal. 2008

Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. Re: This special issue of AIDS–a mix of recent economic analyses and commentary on how best to distill economic insights to improve HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. AIDS.2008 Jul

Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. Informing scale-up and resource allocation: the use of economic analysis. AIDS. 2008 Jul

Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. The economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on households and economies. AIDS. 2008 Jul

Moatti, JP., Marlink, R., Luchini, S., Kazatchkine, M. Universal access to HIV treatment in developing countries: going beyond the misinterpretations of the ‘cost-effectiveness’ algorithm.AIDS. 2008 Jul

Drug Resistance

Seatla KK, Avalos A, Moyo S, Mine M, Diphoko T, Mosepele M, Gaolatlhe T, Rowley CF, Ramaabya D, Jarvis JN, Kasvosve I, Gaseitsiwe S. Four class drug resistant HIV-1 subtype C in a treatment experienced individual on dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. AIDS. 2018 Jun 11.

Diphoko T, Gaseitsiwe S, Kasvosve I, Moyo S, Okatch H, Musonda R, Wainberg MA, Makhema J, Marlink R, Novitsky V, Essex M. Prevalence of Rilpivirine and Etravirine resistance mutations in HIV-1 Subtype C- infected patients failing Nevirapine or Efavirenz-based combination antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018 May 6.

Meloni ST, Chaplin B, Idoko J, Agbaji O, Akanmu S, Imade G, Okonkwo P, Murphy RL, Kanki PJ. Drug resistance patterns following pharmacy stock shortage in Nigerian Antiretroviral Treatment Program. AIDS Res Ther. 2017 Oct.

Rowley CF, MacLeod IJ, Maruapula D, Lekoko B, Gaseitsiwe S, Mine M, Essex M. Sharp increase in rates of HIVtransmitted drug resistance at antenatal clinics in Botswana demonstrates the need for routine surveillance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Feb 29

Novitsky V, Zahralban-Steele M, McLane MF, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Gaseitsiwe S, Makhema J, Essex M. Long-Range HIV Genotyping Using Viral RNA and Proviral DNA for Analysis of HIV Drug Resistance and HIV Clustering. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Aug

Shao ER, Kifaro EG, Chilumba IB, Nyombi BM, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, Johannessen A, Kibiki G, Essex M. HIV-1 drug mutations in children from northern Tanzania. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Apr 11

Imade GE, Sagay AS, Chaplin B, Chebu PR, Musa J, Okpokwu J, Hamel D, Pam IC, Agbaji O, Samuels J, Meloni S, Sankalé JL, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ.Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral-naïve pregnant women in north central Nigeria. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Oct 28

Rawizza HE, Chaplin B, Meloni ST, Darin KM, Olaitan O, Scarsi KK, Onwuamah CK, Audu RA, Chebu PR, Imade GE, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ. Accumulation of Protease Mutations among Patients Failing Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Response to Salvage Therapy in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 17

Souda S, Gaseitsiwe S, Georgette N, Powis K, Moremedi D, Iketleng T, Leidner J, Moffat C, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Moyo S, Mmalane M, Musonda R, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. No Clinically Significant Drug Resistance Mutations In HIV-1 subtype C Infected Women After Discontinuation Of NRTI-Based Or PI-Based HAART For PMTCT In Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.2013 Mar 28

Finucane MM, Rowley CF, Paciorek CJ, Essex M, Pagano M. Estimating the prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance using pooled samples. Stat Methods Med Res. 2013 Feb 1

Rawizza, H.E., Chaplin, B., Meloni, S.T., Eisen, G., Rao, T., Sankalé, J.L., Dieng-Sarr, A., Agbaj,i O., Onwujekwe, D.I., Gashau, W., Nkado, R., Ekong, E., Okonkwo, P., Murphy, R.L., Kanki, P.J.; for the APIN PEPFAR Team. Immunologic Criteria Are Poor Predictors of Virologic Outcome: Implications for HIV Treatment Monitoring in Resource-Limited Settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Dec

Armstrong, K.L., Lee, T.H., Essex, M. The Replicative Fitness Costs of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug Resistance Mutations on HIV Subtype C. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Mar 14

Baeten, J.M., Lingappa, J., Beck., I., Freukel, L., Pepper, G., Wald, A., Fife, K., Were, E., Mugo, N., Sanchez, J., Essex, M., Makhema, J., Kiare, J., Farquhar, C., Corey, L., and Celum, C. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Suppressive Therapy with Acyclovir or Valacyclovir Does Not Select for Specific HIV-1 Resistance in HIV 1/HSV-2 Dually Infected Persons. J. Infect. Dis. 2011 Jan 1

Bussmann, H., de la Hoz Gomez, F., Roels, T.H., Wester, C.W., Bodika, S.M., Moyo, S., Taffa, N., Anderson, M.G., Mine, M., Bile, E.C., Yang, C., Mphoyakgosi, K., Lehotzky, E.A., Mlotshwa, B., Mmelesi, M., Seipone, K., Makhema, M.J., Marlink, R.G., Novitsky, V., Essex, M. Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Botswana: lessons learned from the HIVDR-Threshold Survey conducted among women presenting for routine antenatal care as part of the 2007 national sentinel survey. AIDS ResHum Retroviruses.2011 Apr

Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lee, E.J., MacLeod, I.J., Ribaudo, H.J., Essex, M, and Lockman, S.Ultrasensitive Detection of Minor Drug-Resistant Variants for HIV after Nevirapine Exposure Using Allele-Specific PCR: Clinical Significance. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2010

Wester, C.W., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Makhema, J.M., Gaolathe, T., Novitsky, V., Essex, M., DeGruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor outcomes among combination antiretroviral therapy-treated adults in Botswana. AIDS. 2010

Armstrong, K.L., Lee, TH, and Essex, M. Replicative Capacity Differences of Thymidine Analog Resistance Mutations in Subtype B and C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 2009

Doualla-Bell, F., Gaolathe, T., Avalos, A., Cloutier, S., Ndwapi, N., Holcroft, C., Moffat., H., Dickinson, D., Essex, M., Wainberg, M.A., Mine, M. Five-year follow up of genotypic resistance patterns in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients in Botswana after failure of thymidine analogue-based regimens. J. of International AIDS Society. 2009

Assoumou, L., Brun-Vezinet, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Kuritzkes, D., Phillips, A., Zolopa, A., Degruttola, V., Miller, V., Costagliola, D. Initiatives for developing and comparing genotype interpretation systems: external validation of existing systems for didanosine against virological response. J. Infect. Dis.2008 Aug 15

Bangsberg, DR. Preventing HIV antiretroviral resistance through better monitoring of treatment adherence. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 May 15

Bangsberg, DR. A paradigm shift to prevent HIV drug resistance. PLoS Med. 2008 May 20

Kuritzkes, DR., Lalama, CM., Ribaudo, HJ., Marcial, M., Meyer, WA, 3rd; Shikuma, C., Johnson,V A., Fiscus, SA., D’Aquila, RT., Schackman, BR., Acosta, EP., Gulick, RM. Preexisting resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors predicts virologic failure of an efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 Mar 15

Marconi, VC., Sunpath, H., Lu, Z., Gordon, M., Koranteng-Apeagyei, K., Hampton, J., Carpenter, S., Giddy, J., Ross, D., Holst, H., Losina, E., Walker, BD., Kuritzkes, DR. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008 May 15

Parienti, JJ., Das-Douglas, M., Massari, V., Guzman, D., Deeks, SG., Verdon, R., Bangsberg, DR.Not all missed doses are the same: sustained NNRTI treatment interruptions predict HIV rebound at low-to-moderate adherence levels. PLoS ONE. 2008

Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lockman, S., and Essex, M. Improvement in Allele-Specific PCR Assay with the Use of Polymorphism-Specific Primers for the Analysis of Minor Variant Drug Resistance in HIV-1 subtype C. J. Virol. Methods. 2008

Schumi, J., Degruttola, V. Resampling-based analyses of the effects of combinations of HIV genetic mutations on drug susceptibility. Stat. Med. 2008 Oct 15

Tsibris, AM., Sagar, M., Gulick, RM., Su, Z., Hughes, M., Greaves, W., Subramanian,M., Flexner, C., Giguel, F., Leopold, KE., Coakley, E., Kuritzkes, DR. In vivo emergence of vicriviroc resistance in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C-infected subject. J. Virol. 2008 Aug

Yang, Y., Degruttola, V. Resampling-based multiple testing methods with covariate adjustment: application to investigation of antiretroviral drug susceptibility. Biometrics. 2008 Jun

Healy, B., Degruttola, V. Hidden Markov models for settings with interval-censored transition times and uncertain time origin: application to HIV genetic analyses. Biostatistics. Apr 2007

Novitsky, V., Wester, C. W., De Gruttola, V., Bussmann, H., Gaseitsiwe, S., Thomas, A., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., van Widenfelt, E., Marlink, R. G., and Essex, M. The Reverse Transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y Genotype Is the Predominant TAM Pathway Associated with Virologic Failure among HIV Type 1C-Infected Adults Treated with ZDV/ddI-Containing HAART in Southern Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2007

Ojesina, AI., Mullins, C., Imade, G., Samuels, J., Sankale, JL., Pam, S., Sagay, S., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2007 Dec

Oyugi, J H., Byakika-Tusiime, J, Ragland, K., Laeyendecker, O., Mugerwa, R., Kityo, C., Mugyenyi, P., Quinn, TC., Bangsberg, D R. Treatment interruptions predict resistance in HIV-positive individuals purchasing fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS.2007 May 11

Paredes, R., Marconi, VC., Campbell, TB., Kuritzkes, DR. Systematic evaluation of allele-specific real-time PCR for the detection of minor HIV-1 variants with pol and env resistance mutations. J. Virol. Methods. 2007 Dec

Petersen, ML., Wang, Y., van-der-Laan, MJ., Guzman, D., Riley, E., Bangsberg, DR. Pillbox organizers are associated with improved adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression: a marginal structural model analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2007 Oct 1

Brenner, B.G., Oliveira, M., Doualla-Bell, F., Moisi, D.D., Ntemgwa, M., Frankel, F., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses Rapidly Develop K65R Resistance to Tenofovir in Cell Culture. AIDS. 2006

Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Brenner, B., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Ndwapi, N., Moffat, H., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. High Prevalence of the K65R Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Isolates from Infected Patients in Botswana Treated with Didanosine-Based Regimens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006

Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndwapi, N., Novitsky, V., Brenner, B., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Moffat, H., Thior, I, Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C on Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients from Botswana Failing a Nelfinavir-Containing Regimen. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006

Maier, M., Bwana, M., Emenyonu, N., Pepper, L., Bangsberg, DR. How to Take HIV antiretroviral medications on time without a watch in rural Uganda. PLoS. Med. 2006 Mar

Mills, EJ., Nachega, JB., Buchan, I., Orbinski, J., Attaran, A., Singh, S., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Cooper, C., Thabane, L., Wilson, K., Guyatt, GH., Bangsberg, D R. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America: a meta-analysis. JAMA.2006 Aug 9

Ojesina, AI., Sankale, JL., Odaibo, G., Langevin, S., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Olaleye, D., Kanki, PJ.Subtype-specific patterns in HIV Type 1 reverse transcriptase and protease in Oyo State, Nigeria: implications for drug resistance and host response. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Aug 2006

Envelope of HIV

Novitsky V, Wang R, Rossenkhan R, Moyo S, Essex M. Intra-Host Evolutionary Rates in HIV-1C env and gag during Primary Infection. Infect Genet Evol. 2013 Mar 19

Teeravechyan, S., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Conserved Determinants of Enhanced CCR5 Binding in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtype D Envelope Third Variable Loop. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2010

Teeravechyan, S., Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Relative Concordance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Oligomeric and Monomeric Envelope in CCR 5 Coreceptor Usage.Virology. 2008

Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Mutations in the V3 Stem versus the V3 Crown and C4 Region Have Different Effects on the Binding and Fusion Steps of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Interaction with the CCR5 Coreceptor. Virology. 2007

Trujillo, J.R., Rogers, R., Molina, R., Dangond, F., McLane, M.F., Essex, M., and Brain, J.Noninfectious Entry of HIV-1 into Peripheral and Brain Macrophages Mediated by the Mannose Receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007

Epidemiology

Liu SH, Erion G, Novitsky V, De Gruttola V. Viral Genetic Linkage Analysis in the Presence of Missing Data. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 24

Farahani M, Mulinder H, Farahani A, Marlink R. Prevalence and distribution of non-AIDS causes of death among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS. 2016 Feb 10

Wirth KE, Agniel D, Barr CD, Austin MD, DeGruttola V. A composite likelihood approach for estimating HIV prevalence in the presence of spatial variation. Stat Med. 2015 Dec 10

Tchetgen EJ, Phiri K, Shapiro R. A Simple Regression-based Approach to Account for Survival Bias in Birth Outcomes Research. Epidemiology. 2015 May 22

Novitsky V, Moyo S, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Essex M. Importance of Viral Sequence Length and Number of Variable and Informative Sites in Analysis of HIV Clustering. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2015 Jan 6

Novitsky V, Moyo S, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Essex M. Impact of Sampling Density on the Extent of HIV Clustering. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Oct 2

Lingappa, J.R., Hughes, J.P., Wang, R.S., Baeten, J.M., Celum, C., Gray, G.E., Stevens, W., Donnell, D., Campbell, M.S., Farquhar, C., Essex, M., Mullins, J.I., Coombs, R.W., Rees, H., Corey, L., and Wald, A. for the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team.Estimating the Impact of Plasma HIV-1 RNA Reductions on Heterosexual HIV-1 Transmission Risk. PLoS One 2010 Sept 13

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic. Viruses. 2010

Msisha, WM., Kapiga, S H., Earls, F J. Subramanian,-S-V. Place matters: multilevel investigation of HIV distribution in Tanzania. AIDS. 2008 Mar 30

Drain, PK., Kupka, R., Msamanga, GI., Urassa, W., Mugusi, F., Fawzi, WW. C-reactive protein independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-poor setting. AIDS. 2007 Oct 1

Hamel, DJ., Sankale, JL., Eisen, G., Meloni, ST., Mullins, C., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. Twenty Years of Prospective Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Changes in HIV Diversity.
AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2007 Oct

Larsen, U., Mlay, J., Aboud, S., Ballard, R., Sam, NE., Shao, JF., Kapiga, SH. Design of a community-based study of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and infertility in an urban area of northern Tanzania. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2007 Jan

Sankale, JL., Langevin, S., Odaibo, G., Meloni, ST., Ojesina, AI., Olaleye, D., Kanki, P. The complexity of circulating HIV type 1 strains in Oyo state, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2007 Aug

Vasan, A., Renjifo, B., Hertzmark, E., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Essex, M., Fawzi, W., and Hunter, D. Different Rates of Disease Progression of HIV Type 1 Infection in Tanzania Based on Infecting Subtype. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2006

Genetics of Susceptibility to HIV

Payne R, Muenchhoff M, Mann J, Roberts HE, Matthews P, Adland E, Hempenstall A, Huang KH, Brockman M, Brumme Z, Sinclair M, Miura T, Frater J, Essex M, Shapiro R, Walker BD, Ndung’u T, McLean AR, Carlson JM, Goulder PJ. Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 1

Lingappa, J.R., Petrovski, S., Kahle, E., Fellay, J., Shianna, K., McElrath, M.J., Thomas, K.K., Baeten, J.M., Celum, C., Wald, A., de Bruyn, G., Mullins, J.I., Nakku-Joloba, E., Farquhar, C., Essex, M., Donnell, D., Kiarie, J., Haynes, B., Goldstein, D.; for the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team .Genomewide Association Study for Determinants of HIV-1 Acquisition and Viral Set Point in HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples with Quantified Virus Exposure. PLoS One. 2011 Dec 12

Hendrickson, SL., Jacobson, LP., Nelson, GW., Phair, JP., Lautenberger, J., Johnson, RC., Kingsley, L., Margolick, JB., Detels, R., Goedert, JJ., O’Brien, SJ. Host genetic influences on highly active antiretroviral therapy efficacy and AIDS-free survival. JAIDS. 2008 Jul 1

Hutcheson, HB., Lautenberger, JA., Nelson, GW., Pontius, JU., Kessing, BD., Winkler, CA., Smith, MW., Johnson, R., Stephens, R., Phair, J., Goedert, JJ., Donfield, S., O’Brien, SJ. Detecting AIDS restriction genes: from candidate genes to genome-wide association discovery. Vaccine. 2008 Jun 6

An, P., Wang, LH., Hutcheson-Dilks, H., Nelson, G., Donfield, S., Goedert, JJ., Rinaldo, CR., Buchbinder, S., Kirk, G.,D; O’Brien, SJ., Winkler, CA. Regulatory polymorphisms in the cyclophilin A gene, PPIA, accelerate progression to AIDS. PLoS. Pathog. 2007 Jun

Montano, M., Rarick, M., Sebastiani, P., Brinkmann, P., Russell, M., Navis, A., Wester, C., Thior, I., and Essex, M. Gene-Expression Profiling of HIV-1 Infection and Perinatal Transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun. 2006

(HAART) Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy Treatment

Zash RM, Souda S, Leidner J, Binda K, Hick C, Powis K, Makhema J, Mmalane M, Essex M, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. High Proportion of Deaths Attributable to HIV Among Postpartum Women in Botswana Despite Widespread Uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2017 Jan

Meloni ST, Chang CA, Eisen G, Jolayemi T, Banigbe B, Okonkwo PI, Kanki PJ. Long-Term Outcomes on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large Scale-Up Program in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 20

Moyo S, Mohammed T, Wirth KE, Prague M, Bennett K, Holme MP, Mupfumi L, Sebogodi P, Moraka NO, Boleo C, Maphorisa CN, Seraise B, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda RM, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Gaolathe T, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Makhema JM, Essex M, Lockman S, Novitsky V. Point-of-care Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Test in Rural African Communities is Feasible and Reliable. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Oct 12.

Currier JS, Lockman S. Making waves: safety and efficacy of ART in women. Lancet HIV. 2016 Sep

Farahani M, Price N, El-Halabi S, Mlaudzi N, Keapoletswe K, Lebelonyane R, Fetogang EB, Chebani T, Kebaabetswe P, Masupe T, Gabaake K, Auld AF, Nkomazana O, Marlink R. Impact of Health System Inputs on Health Outcome: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Botswana National Antiretroviral Program (2002-2013). PLoS One. 2016 Aug 4

Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Chariyalertsak S, Santos BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Cottle L, Zhang XC, Makhema J, Mills LA, Panchia R, Faesen S, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, Swindells S, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano DD, Essex M, Hudelson SE, Redd AD, Fleming TR; HPTN 052 Study Team. Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 18

Borges ÁH, Lundh A, Tendal B, Bartlett JA, Clumeck N, Costagliola D, Daar ES, Echeverría P, Gisslén M, Huedo-Medina TB, Hughes MD, Huppler Hullsiek K, Khabo P, Komati S, Kumar P, Lockman S, MacArthur RD, Maggiolo F, Matteelli A, Miro JM, Oka S, Petoumenos K, Puls RL, Riddler SA, Sax PE, Sierra-Madero J, Torti C, Lundgren JD. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens for initial treatment of HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 18

Farahani M, Price N, El-Halabi S, Mlaudzi N, Keapoletswe K, Lebelonyane R, Fetogang EB, Chebani T, Kebaabetswe P, Masupe T, Gabaake K, Auld A, Nkomazana O, Marlink R. Trends and determinants of survival for over 200 000 patients on antiretroviral treatment in the Botswana National Program: 2002-2013. AIDS. 2015 Dec 3

Scarsi KK, Eisen G, Darin KM, Meloni ST, Rawizza HE, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Agbaji O, Onwujekwe DI, Gashau W, Nkado R, Okonkwo P, Murphy RL, Kanki PJ; Harvard/APIN PEPFAR Team. Superior effectiveness of zidovudine compared to tenofovir when combined with nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in a large Nigerian Cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 10

Farahani M, Price N, El-Halabi S, Mlaudzi N, Keapoletswe K, Lebelonyane R, Fetogang EB, Chebani T, Kebaabetswe P, Masupe T, Gabaake K, Auld A, Nkomazana O, Marlink R. Variation in attrition at sub-national level: Review of the Botswana National HIV/AIDS Treatment (Masa) program data (2002-2013). Trop Med Int Health. 2015 Oct 20

Abah IO, Akanbi M, Abah ME, Finangwai AI, Dady CW, Falang KD, Ebonyi AO, Okopi JA, Agbaji OO, Sagay AS, Okonkwo P, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ. Incidence and predictors of adverse drug events in an African cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with efavirenz. Germs. 2015 Sep 1

Dryden-Peterson S, Medhin H, Kebabonye-Pusoentsi M, Seage GR 3rd, Suneja G, Kayembe MK, Mmalane M, Rebbeck T, Rider JR, Essex M, Lockman S. Cancer Incidence following Expansion of HIV Treatment in Botswana. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 12

Abah IO, Darin KM, Ebonyi AO, Ugoagwu P, Ojeh VB, Nasir N, Falang KD, Olaitan O, Agbaji O, Idoko J, Kanki P. Patterns and Predictors of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Modification in HIV-1-Infected Adults in a Large Urban Outpatient Cohort in Nigeria. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2015 Jan 7

Chaplin B, Meloni S, Eisen G, Jolayemi T, Banigbe B, Adeola J, Wen C, Reyes Nieva H, Chang C, Okonkwo P, Kanki P. Scale-up of networked HIV treatment in Nigeria: Creation of an integrated electronic medical records system. Int J Med Inform. 2014 Sep 30

Asmelash A, Zheng Y, Kaloustian KW, Shaffer D, Sawe F, Ogwu A, Salata R, Currier J, Hughes MD, Lockman S. Predictors of suboptimal CD4 response among women achieving virologic suppression in a randomized antiretroviral treatment Trial, Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 17

Farahani M., Vable A., Lebelonyane R., Seipone K., Anderson M., Avalos A., Chadborn T., Tilahun H., Roumis Themba Moeti D., Musuka G., Busang L., Gaolathe T., C S Malefho K., Marlink R.Outcomes of the Botswana national HIV/AIDS treatment programme from 2002 to 2010: a longitudinal analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2014 Jan

Mwafongo A, Nkanaunena K, Zheng Y, Hogg E, Samaneka W, Mulenga L, Siika A, Currier J, Lockman S, Hughes MD, Hosseinipour M; for the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) A5208 Team.Renal events among women treated with tenofovir/emtricitabine in combination with either lopinavir/ritonavir or nevirapine: analysis from the AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5208 trial. AIDS. 2014 Jan 18

McDonald B, Moyo S, Gabaitiri L, Gaseitsiwe S, Bussmann H, Koethe JR, Musonda R, Makhema J, Novitsky V, Marlink RG, Wester CW, Essex M. Persistently Elevated Serum Interleukin-6 Predicts Mortality among Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana: Results from a Clinical Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Apr 16

Wester CW, Eden SK, Shepherd BE, Bussmann H, Novitsky V, Samuels DC, Hendrickson SL, Winkler CA, O’Brien SJ, Essex M, D’Aquila RT, Degruttola V, Marlink RG. Risk factors for symptomatic hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis among combination antiretroviral therapy-treated adults in botswana: results from a clinical trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Aug 28

Wester, C.W., Stitelman, O.M., Degruttola, V., Bussmann, H., Marlink, R.G., van der Laan, M.J.Effect Modification by Sex and Baseline CD4+ Cell Count Among Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana: Results from a Clinical Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Feb 6

Novitsky, V., Essex, M. Using HIV viral load to guide treatment-for-prevention interventions. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. Jan 16 2012

Lockman, S., Sax, P. Treatment-for-prevention: clinical considerations. Curr Opin HIV AIDS.2012 Jan 5

Powis, K.M., Smeaton, L., Ogwu, A., Lockman, S. Dryden-Peterson, S., van Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Shapiro, R.L. Effects of in utero antiretroviral exposure on longitudinal growth of HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. JAIDS. 2011

Wester, C.W., Koethe, J.R., Shepherd, B.E., Stinnette, S.E., Rebeiro, P.F., Kipp, A..M., Hong, H., Bussmann, H., Gaolathe, T., McGowan, C.C., Sterling, T.R., Marlink, R.G Non-AIDS Defining Events Among HIV-1 Infected Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy In Urban Settings in Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. AIDS. 2011 May 12

Chen, J.Y., Ogwu, A.C., Svab, P., Lockman, S., Moffat, H.J., Gaolathe, T., Moilwa, S., Størdal, K., Dryden-Peterson, S., Moffat, C., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Shapiro, R.L. Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women with Low CD4+ Cell Counts in Gaborone, Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2010

MacLeod, I.J., Rowley, C.F., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Minor Resistant Variants in Nevirapine-Exposed Infants May Predict Virologic Failure on Nevirapine-Containing ART. J. Clin. Virol. 2010

Shapiro, R., Hughes, M., Ogwu, A., Kitch, D., Lockman, S., Moffat, C., Makhema, J., Moyo, S., Thior, I., McIntosh, K., van Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J., Powis, K., Asmelash, A., Tumbare, E., Zwerski, S., Sharma, U., Handelsman, E., Mburu, K., Jayeoba, O., Moko, E., Souda, S., Lubega, E., Akhtar, M., Wester, C., Snowden, W., Martinez-Tristani, M., Mazhani, L., Essex, M. Antiretroviral Regimens in Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2010

Wester, C.W., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Makhema, J.M., Gaolathe, T.,Novitsky, V., Essex, M., DeGruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor outcomes among combination antiretroviral therapy-treated adults in Botswana. AIDS. 2010

Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Thomas, A., Novitsky, V., Okezie, R., Muzenda, T., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Mawoko, N., Widenfelt, E., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., Mine, M., Makhema, J., Moffat, H., Essex, M., DeGruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Response to Zidovudine/Didanosine-Containing Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Adults in Botswana: Two-Year Outcomes from a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009

Shipton, L.K., Wester, C.W., Stock, S., Ndwapi, N., Gaolathe, T., Thior, I., Avalos, A., Moffat, H.J., Mboya J.J., Widenfelt, E., Essex, M., Hughes, M.D., and Shapiro, R.L. Safety and Efficacy of Nevirapine and Efavarinz-Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Adults Treated for TB-HIV Co-Infection in Botswana. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2009

Wester, C.W., Bussmann, H., Koethe, J., Moffat, C., Vermund, S., Essex, M., and Marlink, R.G.Adult Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Botswana and Future Challenges. HIV Ther. 2009

Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Ndwapi, N., Grundmann, N., Gaolathe, T., Puvimanasinghe, J., Avalos, A., Mine, M., Seipone, K., Essex, M., deGruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Five-Year Outcomes of Initial Patients Treated in Botswana’s National Antiretroviral Treatment Program. AIDS. 2008

Hughes, MD., Ribaudo, HR. The search for data on when to start treatment for HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 Apr 15

Marconi, V., Bonhoeffer, S., Paredes, R., Lu, J., Hoh, R., Martin, JN., Deeks, SG., Kuritzkes, DR.Viral dynamics and in vivo fitness of HIV-1 in the presence and absence of enfuvirtide. JAIDS. 2008 Aug 15

Briand, N., Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G., Techapalokul, S., Tunthanathip, P., Suphanich, S., Chanpoo, T., Traisathit, P., McIntosh, K., Le-Coeur, S. Haematological safety of perinatal zidovudine in pregnant HIV-1-infected women in Thailand: secondary analysis of a randomized trial. PLoS Clin. Trials. 2007

Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Wester, C.N., Lekoko, B., Okezie, O., Thomas, A.M., DeGruttola, S.M.V., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Marlink, R.G. Pregnancy Rates and Birth Outcomes among Women on Efavirenz-Containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2007

Deeks, SG., Lu, J., Hoh, R., Neilands, TB., Beatty, G., Huang, W., Liegler, T., Hunt, P., Martin, JN., Kuritzkes, DR. Interruption of enfuvirtide in HIV-1 infected adults with incomplete viral suppression on an enfuvirtide-based regimen. J. Infect. Dis. 2007 Feb 1

Flynn, PM., Rudy, BJ., Lindsey, JC., Douglas, SD., Lathey, J., Spector, SA., Martinez, J., Silio, M., Belzer, M., Friedman, L., D’Angelo, L., Smith, E., Hodge, J., Hughes, MD. Long-term observation of adolescents initiating HAART therapy: three-year follow-up. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Oct 2007

Gulick, RM., Lalama, CM., Ribaudo, HJ., Shikuma, CM., Schackman, BR., Schouten, J., Squires, KE., Koletar, SL., Pilcher, CD., Reichman, RC., Klingman, KL., Kuritzkes, DR. Intensification of a triple-nucleoside regimen with tenofovir or efavirenz in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression. AIDS. 2007 Apr 23

Gulick, RM., Su, Z., Flexner, C., Hughes, MD., Skolnik, PR., Wilkin, TJ., Gross, R., Krambrink, A., Coakley, E.,Greaves, WL., Zolopa, A., Reichman, R., Godfrey, C .,Hirsch, M., Kuritzkes, DR.Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 inhibitor, in HIV-1-Infected, treatment-experienced patients: AIDS clinical trials group 5211. J. Infect. Dis. 2007 Jul 15

Kuritzkes, DR., Ribaudo, HJ., Squires, KE., Koletar, SL., Santana, J., Riddler, SA., Reichman, R., Shikuma, C., Meyer, WA, 3rd, Klingman, KL., Gulick, RM. Plasma HIV-1 RNA dynamics in antiretroviral-naive subjects receiving either triple-nucleoside or efavirenz-containing regimens: ACTG A5166s. J. Infect. Dis. 2007 Apr 15

Lindsey, JC., Malee, KM., Brouwers, P., Hughes, MD. Neurodevelopmental functioning in HIV-infected infants and young children before and after the introduction of protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar

Ribaudo, HJ., Kuritzkes, DR., Gulick, RM. A comparison of three initial antiretroviral AIDS regimens. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007 Sep 6

Tsibris, AM., Kuritzkes, DR. Chemokine antagonists as therapeutics: focus on HIV-1. Annu. Rev. Med. 2007

Wester, C.W., Okezie, O.A., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Muzenda, T., Makhema, J., van Widenfelt, E., Musonda, R., Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., Kuritzkes, D.R., Degruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Higher-than-Expected Rates of Lactic Acidosis Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Women in Botswana: Preliminary Results from a Large Randomized Clinical Trial. JAIDS. 2007

HEU Infants

Slogrove AL, Powis KM, Bettinger JA, Cotton MF. Considerations in evaluating infectious morbidity and mortality in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. AIDS. 2018 Nov 28.

Kacanek D, Williams PL, Mayondi G, Holding P, Leidner J, Moabi K, Tepper V, Nichols S, Makhema J, Jibril H, Maididimalo T, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Kammerer B. Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Functioning Following in utero Exposure to Triple-NRTI vs. Dual-NRTI + PI ART in a Randomized Trial, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Jul 10.

Mallampati D, MacLean RL, Shapiro R, Dabis F, Engelsmann B, Freedberg KA, Leroy V, Lockman S, Walensky R, Rollins N, Ciaranello A. Optimal breastfeeding durations for HIV-exposed infants: the impact of maternal ART use, infant mortality and replacement feeding risk. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Apr.

Chaudhury S, Mayondi GK, Williams PL, Leidner J, Shapiro R, Diseko M, Ajibola G, Holding P, Tepper V, Makhema J, Petlo C, Seage GR 3rd, Lockman S, Kammerer B. In utero exposure to antiretrovirals and neurodevelopment among HIV-exposed uninfected children in Botswana. AIDS. 2018 Mar 15

Weinberg A, Lindsey J, Bosch R, Persaud D, Sato P, Ogwu A, Asmelash A, Bwakura-Dangarambezi M, Chi BH, Canniff J, Lockman S, Gaseitsiwe S, Moyo S, Smith CE, Moraka NO, Levin MJ; P1072 and Tshipidi Study Teams. B and T Cell Phenotypic Profiles of African HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Associations with Antibody Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine. Front Immunol. 2018 Jan 19.

Arikawa S, Rollins N, Jourdain G, Humphrey J, Kourtis AP, Hoffman I, Essex M, Farley T, Coovadia HM, Gray G, Kuhn L, Shapiro R, Leroy V, Bollinger RC, Onyango-Makumbi C, Lockman S, Marquez C, Doherty T, Dabis F, Mandelbrot L, Le Coeur S, Rolland M, Joly P, Newell ML, Becquet R. Contribution of maternal ART and breastfeeding to 24-month survival in HIV-exposed uninfected children: an individual pooled analysis of African and Asian studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 21.

Powis KM, Souda S, Lockman S, Ajibola G, Bennett K, Leidner J, Hughes MD, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Jibril HB, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with enteric commensal bacterial resistance among HIV-exposed infants in a randomized controlled trial, Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017 Nov.

Chaudhury S, Williams PL, Mayondi GK, Leidner J, Holding P, Tepper V, Nichols S, Magetse J, Sakoi M, Moabi K, Makhema J, Mdluli C, Jibril H, Seage GR 3rd, Kammerer B, Lockman S. Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed and HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Children at 24 Months. Pediatrics. 2017 Oct.

Lockman S, Hughes M, Powis K, Ajibola G, Bennett K, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, McIntosh K, Mazhani L, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Effect of co-trimoxazole on mortality in HIV-exposed but uninfected children in Botswana (the Mpepu Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 May

Ajibola G, Zash R, Shapiro RL, Batlang O, Botebele K, Bennett K, Chilisa F, Widenfelt EV, Makhema J, Lockman S, Holmes LB, Powis KM. Detecting congenital malformations – Lessons learned from the Mpepu study, Botswana. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 24

Powis KM, Slogrove AL, Mofenson L. Protecting the health of our AIDS-free generation: beyond prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. AIDS. 2017 Jan 14

Sudfeld CR, Lei Q, Chinyanga Y, Tumbare E, Khan N, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Sebaka A, Sibiya J, van Widenfelt E, Shapiro RL, Makhema J, Fawzi WW, Powis KM. Linear Growth Faltering Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Oct 1

Powis K, Lockman S, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Fawzi W, Ogwu A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, von Oettingen J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Vitamin D Insufficiency in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy is not associated with Morbidity, Mortality or Growth Impairment in Their Uninfected Infants in Botswana. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 Jul 16

Powis KM, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Tumbare EA, Souda S, Jao J, Wirth KE, Makhema J, Lockman S, Fawzi W, Essex M, Shapiro RL. In-utero triple antiretroviral exposure associated with decreased growth among HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. AIDS. 2016 Jan

Kelly MS, Wirth KE, Steenhoff AP, Cunningham CK, Arscott-Mills T, Boiditswe SC, Patel MZ, Shah SS, Finalle R, Makone I, Feemster KA. Treatment Failures and Excess Mortality Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Children With Pneumonia. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2015 Dec 4

Zash RM, Shapiro RL, Leidner J, Wester C, McAdam AJ, Hodinka RL, Thior I, Moffat C, Makhema J, McIntosh K, Essex M, Lockman S. The aetiology of diarrhoea, pneumonia and respiratory colonization of HIV-exposed infants randomized to breast- or formula-feeding. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2015 Jun 8

HIV & Cancer

Dryden-Peterson S, Bvochora-Nsingo M, Suneja G, Efstathiou JA, Grover S, Chiyapo S, Ramogola-Masire D, Kebabonye-Pusoentsi M, Clayman R, Mapes AC, Tapela N, Asmelash A, Medhin H, Viswanathan AN, Russell AH, Lin LL, Kayembe MK, Mmalane M, Randall TC, Chabner B, Lockman S. HIV Infection and Survival Among Women With Cervical Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug 29

Grover S, Raesima M, Bvochora-Nsingo M, Chiyapo SP, Balang D, Tapela N, Balogun O, Kayembe MK, Russell AH, Monare B, Tanyala S, Bhat J, Thipe K, Nchunga M, Mayisela S, Kizito B, Ho-Foster A, Gaolebale BE, Gaolebale PA, Efstathiou JA, Dryden-Peterson S, Zetola N, Hahn SM, Robertson ES, Lin LL, Morroni C, Ramogola-Masire D. Cervical Cancer in Botswana: Current State and Future Steps for Screening and Treatment Programs. Front Oncol. 2015 Nov 3

HIV & Chronic Disease

Tapela NM, Peluso MJ, Kohler RE, Setlhako II, Botebele K, Gabegwe K, Nkele I, Narasimhamurthy M, Mmalane M, Grover S, Barak T, Shulman LN, Lockman S, Dryden-Peterson S. A Step Toward Timely Referral and Early Diagnosis of Cancer: Implementation and Impact on Knowledge of a Primary Care-Based Training Program in Botswana. Front Oncol. 2018 May 29;8:187.

Mosepele M, Mohammed T, Mupfumi L, Moyo S, Bennett K, Lockman S, Hemphill LC, Triant VA. HIV disease is associated with increased biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction despite viral suppression on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2018 May 14.

Mosepele M, Hemphill LC, Moloi W, Moyo S, Nkele I, Makhema J, Bennett K, Triant VA, Lockman S. Pre-clinical carotid atherosclerosis and sCD163 among virally suppressed HIV patients in Botswana compared with uninfected controls. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 29

Mosepele M, Hemphill LC, Palai T, Nkele I, Bennett K, Lockman S, Triant VA. Cardiovascular disease risk prediction by the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score among HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 24

Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Wirth KE. A general instrumental variable framework for regression analysis with outcome missing not at random. Biometrics. 2017 Feb 23

Brown CA, Suneja G, Tapela N, Mapes A, Pusoentsi M, Mmalane M, Hodgeman R, Boyer M, Musimar Z, Ramogola-Masire D, Grover S, Nsingo-Bvochora M, Kayembe M, Efstathiou J, Lockman S, Dryden-Peterson S. Predictors of Timely Access of Oncology Services and Advanced-Stage Cancer in an HIV-Endemic Setting. Oncologist. 2016 Apr 6.

Shaffer D, Hughes MD, Sawe F, Bao Y, Moses A, Hogg E, Lockman S, Currier J. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in HIV-Infected Women Following Initiation of Lopinavir/ritonavir- and Nevirapine-based Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A5208 (“OCTANE”). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Feb 20

HIV Co-infection

Anderson M, Choga WT, Moyo S, Bell TG, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Bhebhe L, Sebunya TK, Lockman S, Marlink R, Kramvis A, Essex M, Musonda RM, Blackard JT, Gaseitsiwe S. Molecular Characterization of Near Full-Length Genomes of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Predominantly HIV Infected Individuals in Botswana. Genes (Basel). 2018 Sep 7.

Anderson M, Choga WT, Moyo S, Bell TG, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Bhebhe L, Sebunya TK, Makhema J, Marlink R, Kramvis A, Essex M, Musonda RM, Blackard JT, Gaseitsiwe S. In Silico Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Occult Associated Mutations in Botswana Using a Novel Algorithm. Genes (Basel). 2018 Aug 21.

Temfack E, Bigna JJ, Luma HN, Spijker R, Meintjes G, Jarvis JN, Dromer F, Harrison T, Cohen JF, Lortholary O. Impact of routine cryptococcal antigen screening and targeted pre-emptive fluconazole therapy in antiretroviral naive HIV-infected adults with less than 100 CD4 cells/μL: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 18.

Jarvis JN, Leeme TB, Molefi M, Chofle AA, Bidwell G, Tsholo K, Tlhako N, Mawoko N, Patel RKK, Tenforde MW, Muthoga C, Bisson GP, Kidola J, Changalucha J, Lawrence D, Jaffar S, Hope W, Molloy SLF, Harrison TS. Short Course High-dose Liposomal Amphotericin B for HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: A phase-II Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 26.

Mbangiwa T, Kasvosve I, Anderson M, Thami PK, Choga WT, Needleman A, Phinius BB, Moyo S, Leteane M, Leidner J, Blackard JT, Mayondi G, Kammerer B, Musonda RM, Essex M, Lockman S, Gaseitsiwe S. Chronic and Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Botswana. Genes (Basel). 2018 May 17.

Mupfumi L, Moyo S, Molebatsi K, Thami PK, Anderson M, Mogashoa T, Iketleng T, Makhema J, Marlink R, Kasvosve I, Essex M, Musonda RM, Gaseitsiwe S. Immunological non-response and low hemoglobin levels are predictors of incident tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals on Truvada-based therapy in Botswana. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 31.

Rantshabeng PS, Moyo S, Moraka NO, Ndlovu A, MacLeod IJ, Gaseitsiwe S, Kasvosve I. Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus genotypes in patients diagnosed with anogenital malignancies in Botswana. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 25

N’Guessan KF, Anderson M, Phinius B, Moyo S, Malick A, Mbangiwa T, Choga WT, Makhema J, Marlink R, Essex M, Musonda R, Gaseitsiwe S, Blackard JT. The Impact of Human Pegivirus on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Positive Persons in Botswana. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 10.

Ryan K, Anderson M, Gyurova I, Ambroggio L, Moyo S, Sebunya T, Makhema J, Marlink R, Essex M, Musonda R, Gaseitsiwe S, Blackard JT. High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Sep 13.

Anderson M, Gaseitsiwe S, Moyo S, Thami KP, Mohammed T, Setlhare D, Sebunya TK, Powell EA, Makhema J, Blackard JT, Marlink R, Essex M, Musonda RM. Slow CD4+ T-Cell Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus-Coinfected Patients Initiating Truvada-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 16

Ebonyi AO, Oguche S, Ejeliogu EU, Agbaji OO, Shehu NY, Abah IO, Sagay AS, Ugoagwu PO, Okonkwo PI, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ. Prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected Nigerian children. Germs. 2016 Mar 1

Chang CA, Meloni ST, Eisen G, Chaplin B, Akande P, Okonkwo P, Rawizza HE, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Kanki PJ. Tuberculosis Incidence and Risk Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large HIV Program in Nigeria. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 17

Anderson M, Gaseitsiwe S, Moyo S, Wessels MJ, Mohammed T, Sebunya TK, Powell EA, Makhema J, Blackard JT, Marlink R, Essex M, Musonda RM. Molecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients in Botswana. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 13

Matthews PC, Beloukas A, Malik A, Carlson JM, Jooste P, Ogwu A, Shapiro R, Riddell L, Chen F, Luzzi G, Jaggernath M, Jesuthasan G, Jeffery K, Ndung’u T, Goulder PJ, Geretti AM, Klenerman P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Coinfection among HIV-Positive Women in South Africa and Botswana. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 28

Auld AF, Tuho MZ, Ekra KA, Kouakou J, Shiraishi RW, Adjorlolo-Johnson G, Marlink R, Ellerbrock TV. Tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Côte d’Ivoire. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014 Apr

Musa J, Taiwo B, Achenbach C, Olugbenga S, Berzins B, Sagay AS, Idoko JA, Kanki PJ, Murphy RL. High-risk human papillomavirus among HIV-infected women with normal cervical cytology: a pilot study in Jos, Nigeria. Arch Gynecol Obstet.2013 May 23

Ladep NG, Agaba PA, Agbaji O, Muazu A, Ugoagwu P, Imade G, Cooke G, McCormack S, Taylor-Robinson SD, Idoko J, Kanki P. Rates and impact of hepatitis on human immunodeficiency virus infection in a large African cohor. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar 14

Dinic L, Idigbe OE, Meloni S, Rawizza H, Akande P, Eisen G, Onwujekwe D, Agbaji O, Ani A, Kanki PJ. Sputum smear concentration may misidentify acid-fast bacilli as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Feb 7 2013

Akanbi MO, Achenbach C, Feinglass J, Taiwo B, Adamu O, Mai P, Agbaji O, Kanki PJ, Murphy RTuberculosis after One Year of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Jan 15

Agbaji O, Thio CL, Meloni S, Graham C, Muazu M, Nimzing L, Idoko J, Sankalé JL, Ekong E, Murphy R, Kanki P, Hawkins C. Impact of Hepatitis C Virus on HIV Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Nov 28

Thio CL, Smeaton L, Saulynas M, Hwang H, Saravanan S, Kulkarni S, Hakim J, Nyirenda M, Iqbal HS, Lalloo UG, Mehta AS, Hollabaugh K, Campbell TB,Lockman S, Currier JS. Characterization of HIV-HBV co-infection in a multi-national HIV-infected cohort. AIDS. 2012 Oct 22

Celum, C., Wald, A., Lingappa, J.R., Magaret, A.S., Wang, R.S., Mugo, N., Mujugira, A., Baeten, J.M., Mullins, J.I., Hughes, J.P., Bukusi, E.A., Cohen, C.R., Katabira, E., Ronald, A., Kiarie, J., Farquhar, C., Stewart, G.J., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Were, E., Fife, K.H., de Bruyn, G., Gray, G.E., McIntyre, J.A., Manongi, R., Kapiga, S., Coetzee, D., Allen, S., Inambao, M., Kayitenkore, K., Karita, E., Kanweka, W., Delany, S., Rees, H., Vwalika, B., Stevens, W., Campbell, M.S., Thomas, K.K., Coombs, R.W., Morrow, R., Whittington, W.L.H., McElrath, M.J., Barnes, L., Ridzon, R., and Corey, L., for the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team. Acyclovir and Transmission of HIV-1 from Persons Infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. N Engl J Med. 2010

Lingappa, J.R., Kahle E., Mugo, N., Mujugira, A., Magaret, A., Baeten, J., Bukusi, E.A., Cohen, C.R., Katabira, E., Ronald, A., Kiarie, J., Farquhar, C., Stewart, G.J., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Were E., Fife K., deBruyn, G., Gray, G., McIntyre, J., Manongi, R., Kapiga, S., Coetzee, D., Allen, S., Inambao, M., Kayitenkore, K., Karita, E., Kanweka, W., Delany, S., Rees, H., Vwalika, B., Coombs, R.W., Morrow, R., Whittington, W., Corey, L., Wald, A., and Celum, C., for the Partners HSV-2/HIV-1 Transmission Study Team. Characteristics of HIV-1 Discordant Couples Enrolled in a Trial of HSV-2 Suppression to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission: The Partners Study. PLoS ONE. 2009

Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Bang, H., Ni, Q., Ao, T.T.H., Kiwelu, I., Chiduo, S., Ndibe, U., Seage, G. III, Coplan, P., Shao, J., Rosenberg, Z.F., and Essex, M. The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Other Genital Infections in the Acquisition of HIV-1 among High-Risk Women in Northern Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 2007

Tassiopoulos, K.K., Seage, G., III, Sam, N., Kiwelu, I., Shao, J., Ao, T.T.H., Essex, M., Coplan, P., Rosenberg, Z., Hughes, M., and Kapiga, S. Predictors of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Incidence among Bar and Hotel Workers in Moshi, Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 2007

Immune Response

Ojwach DBA, MacMillan D, Reddy T, Novitsky V, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA, Ndung’u T, Mann JK. Pol-driven replicative capacity impacts disease progression in HIV-1 subtype C infection. J Virol. 2018 Jul 11.

Lin N, Gonzalez OA, Registre L, Becerril C, Etemad B, Lu H, Wu X, Lockman S, Essex M, Moyo S, Kuritzkes DR, Sagar M. Humoral Immune Pressure Selects for HIV-1 CXC-chemokine Receptor 4-using Variants. EBioMedicine. 2016 Jun

Mackelprang RD, Scoville CW, Cohen CR, Ondondo RO, Bigham AW, Celum C, Campbell MS, Essex M, Wald A, Kiarie J, Ronald A, Gray G, Lingappa JR. Toll-like receptor gene variants and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1 infected and uninfected African women. Genes Immun. 2015 Apr 30

Kanki PJ, Rowland-Jones S. The protective effect of HIV-2 infection: implications for understanding HIV-1 immunity. AIDS. 2014 Apr 24

Boutwell, C.L., Rowley, C.F., and Essex, M. Reduced Viral Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Caused by CTL Escape Mutations in HLA-B57 Epitopes of Capsid Protein. J. Virol. 2009

Boutwell, C., and Essex, M. Identification of Class I HLA-Associated Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the HIV-1C Proteome. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2007

Laboratory Techniques

Ratmann O, Wymant C, Colijn C, Danaviah S, Essex M, Frost SDW, Gall A, Gaiseitsiwe S, Grabowski M, Gray R, Guindon S, von Haeseler A, Kaleebu P, Kendall M, Kozlov A, Manasa J, Minh BQ, Moyo S, Novitsky V, Nsubuga R, Pillay S, Quinn TC, Serwadda D, Ssemwanga D, Stamatakis A, Trifinopoulos J, Wawer M, Leigh Brown A, de Oliveira T, Kellam P, Pillay D, Fraser C. HIV-1 full-genome phylogenetics of generalized epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: impact of missing nucleotide characters in next-generation sequences. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 May 25

Ibrahim M, Moyo S, Mohammed T, Mupfumi L, Gaseitsiwe S, Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Gelman R, Batlang O, Sakoi M, Auletta-Young C, Makhema J, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. High Sensitivity and Specificity of the Cepheid Xpert® HIV-1 Qualitative Point-of-Care Test among Newborns in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Mar 24

Wu JW, Patterson-Lomba O, Novitsky V, Pagano M. A Generalized Entropy Measure of Within-Host Viral Diversity for Identifying Recent HIV-1 Infections. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Oct

Moyo S, Wilkinson E, Novitsky V, Vandormael A, Gaseitsiwe S, Essex M, Engelbrecht S, de Oliveira T. Identifying Recent HIV Infections: From Serological Assays to Genomics. Viruses. 2015 Oct 23

Moyo S, Lecuyer T, Wang R, Gaseitsiwe S, Weng J, Musonda R, Bussmann H, Mine M, Engelbrecht S, Makhema J, Marlink RG, Baum MK, Novitsky V, Essex M. Evaluation of the False Recent Classification Rates of Multi-Assay Algorithms in Estimating HIV-1 Subtype C Incidence. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Aug 12

Wang R, Weng J, Moyo S, Pain D, Barr CD, Maruapula D, Mongwato D, Makhema J, Novitsky V, Essex M. Effect of short-course antenatal Zidovudine and single-dose Nevaripine on the BED capture enzyme immunoassay levels in HIV-1 subtype C infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Mar 22

MacLeod, I.J., Rowley, C.F., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Minor Resistant Variants in Nevirapine-Exposed Infants May Predict Virologic Failure on Nevirapine-Containing ART. J. Clin. Virol. 2010

Mine, M., Bedi, K., Maruta, T., Madziva, D., Tau, M., Zana, T., Gaolathe, T., Moyo, S., Seipone, K., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., and Marlink, R. Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Load in Plasma Using Reverse Transcriptase Activity Assay at a District Hospital Laboratory in Botswana: A Decentralization Pilot Study. J. Virol. Methods. 2009

Molecular Virology

Novitsky V, Moyo S, Wang R, Gaseitsiwe S, Essex M. Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 28

Novitsky V, Kühnert D, Moyo S, Widenfelt E, Okui L, Essex M. Phylodynamic analysis of HIV sub-epidemics in Mochudi, Botswana. Epidemics. 2015 Dec

Wu JW, Patterson-Lomba O, Novitsky V, Pagano M. A Generalized Entropy Measure of Within-Host Viral Diversity for Identifying Recent HIV-1 Infections. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Oct

Novitsky V, Moyo S, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Essex M. Importance of Viral Sequence Length and Number of Variable and Informative Sites in Analysis of HIV Clustering AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2015 May

Novitsky V, Moyo S, Lei Q, DeGruttola V, Essex M. Impact of Sampling Density on the Extent of HIV Clustering. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Oct 2

Kiwelu IE, Novitsky V, Margolin L, Baca J, Manongi R, Sam N, Shao J, McLane MF, Kapiga SH, Essex M. Frequent Intra-Subtype Recombination among HIV-1 Circulating in Tanzania. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 5

Novitsky V, Wang R, Rossenkhan R, Moyo S, Essex M. Intra-Host Evolutionary Rates in HIV-1C env and gag during Primary Infection. Infect Genet Evol. 2013 Mar 19

Rossenkhan R, Macleod IJ, Sebunya TK, Castro-Nallar E, McLane MF, Musonda R, Gashe BA, Novitsky V, Essex M. Tat exon 1 Exhibits Functional Diversity During HIV-1 Subtype C Primary Infection. J Virol. 2013 Mar 13

Novitsky, V., Wang, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic. Viruses. 2010

Ojesina, AI., Chaplin, B., Sankale, JL., Murphy, R., Idigbe, E., Adewole, I., Ekong, E., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Interplay of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Therapy and Gag p6 Diversity in HIV Type 1 Subtype G and CRF02_AG. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2008 Sep

Phuphuakrat A, Kraiwong R, Boonarkart C, Lauhakirti D, Lee TH, Auewarakul P. Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases enhance expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins. J. Virol. 2008 Nov

Teeravechyan S, Suphaphiphat P, Essex M, Lee TH. Relative concordance of human immunodeficiency virus oligomeric and monomeric envelope in CCR5 coreceptor usage.
Virology. 2008 Jan 20

Ulenga, NK., Sarr, AD., Thakore-Meloni, S., Sankale, J-L., Eisen, G., Kanki, PJ. Relationship between human immunodeficiency type 1 infection and expression of human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 Aug 15

Ulenga, NK., Sarr, AD., Hamel, D., Sankale, JL., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. The Level of APOBEC3G (hA3G)-Related G-to-A Mutations Does Not Correlate with Viral Load in HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2008 Oct

Hu, Z., Hatano, H., Hammond, SP., Smith, D., Wild, M., Gupta, S., Whitcomb, J., Kalayjian, RC., Gripshover, B., Kuritzkes, DR. Virologic characterization of HIV type 1 with a codon 70 deletion in reverse transcriptase. JAIDS. Aug 15 2007

Nutritional Issues

Campa A, Baum MK, Bussmann H, Martinez SS, Farahani M, van Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Marlink R. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on active TB incidence early in HIV infection in Botswana. Nutr Diet Suppl. 2017 July 14.

Baum MK, Campa A, Lai S, Sales Martinez S, Tsalaile L, Burns P, Farahani M, Li Y, van Widenfelt E, Page JB, Bussmann H, Fawzi WW, Moyo S, Makhema J, Thior I, Essex M, Marlink R. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on disease progression in asymptomatic, antiretroviral-naive, HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Nov 27

Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Aboud, S., Msamanga, GI., Finkelstein, JL., Spiegelman, D., Fawzi, WW.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and child outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 Jun

Villamor, E., Mugusi, F., Urassa, W., Bosch, RJ., Saathoff, E., Matsumoto, K., Meydani, SN., Fawzi, WW. A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 2008 Jun 1

Drain, PK., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Fawzi, WW. Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007 Feb

Fawzi, WW., Msamanga, GI., Urassa, W., Hertzmark, E., Petraro, P., Willett, WC., Spiegelman, D.Vitamins and perinatal outcomes among HIV-negative women in Tanzania. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007 Apr 5

Villamor, E., Koulinska, IN., Furtado, J., Baylin, A., Aboud, S., Manji, K., Campos, H., Fawzi, WW.Long-chain n 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007 Sep

Policy Issues

Marukutira T, Stoové M, Lockman S, Mills LA, Gaolathe T, Lebelonyane R, Jarvis JN, Kelly SL, Wilson DP, Luchters S, Crowe SM, Hellard M. A tale of two countries: progress towards UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in Botswana and Australia. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Mar.

Essex M. The end of AIDS? Lancet Public Health. 2017 May.

Currier JS, Lockman S. Making waves: safety and efficacy of ART in women. Lancet HIV. 2016 Sep

Perry ME, Kalenga K, Francois Watkins L, Mukaya JE, Powis KM, Bennett K, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. HIV-related mortality at a district hospital in Botswana. Int J STD AIDS. 2016 May 9

Tendani Gaolathe, MD, Kathleen E Wirth, ScD, Molly Pretorius Holme, MS, Joseph Makhema, FRCP, Sikhulile Moyo, MSc,Unoda Chakalisa, MD, Etienne Kadima Yankinda, MPH, Quanhong Lei, PhD, Mompati Mmalane, MSc, Vlad Novitsky, PhD,Lillian Okui, MPH, Erik van Widenfelt, BA, Kathleen M Powis, MD, Nealia Khan, MPH, Kara Bennett, MS, Hermann Bussmann, MD, Scott Dryden-Peterson, MD, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, MPH, Shenaaz el-Halabi, MPH, Lisa A Mills, MD,Tafireyi Marukutira, MD, Rui Wang, PhD, Prof Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen, PhD, Prof Victor DeGruttola, DSc, Prof M Essex, PhD, Shahin Lockman, MD, Botswana Combination Prevention Project study team. Botswana’s progress toward achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90-90-90 antiretroviral therapy and virological suppression goals: a population-based survey. The Lancet HIV. Published Online: 23 March 2016

De Neve JW, Fink G, Subramanian SV, Moyo S, Bor J. Length of secondary schooling and risk of HIV infection in Botswana: evidence from a natural experiment. Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Aug 3

Chigwedere, P. and Essex, M. AIDS Denialism and Public Health Practice. AIDS Behav. 2010

Bangsberg, DR. The Achilles’ heel of HIV treatment in resource-limited settings. JAIDS. 2008 Feb 1

Chigwedere, P., Seage, G.R. III, Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Efficacy of Antiretroviral Drugs in Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2008

Gruskin, S., Tarantola, D. Universal Access to HIV prevention, treatment and care: assessing the inclusion of human rights in international and national strategic plans. AIDS. 2008 Aug

Gruskin, S., Firestone, R., Maccarthy, S., Ferguson, L. HIV and pregnancy intentions: do services adequately respond to women’s needs? Am. J. Public Health. 2008 Oct..

Kamo, N., Carlson, M., Brennan, RT., Earls, F. Young citizens as health agents: use of drama in promoting community efficacy for HIV/AIDS. Am. J. Public Health. 2008 Feb

Tarantola, D., Gruskin, S. Pragmatic pathways to universal access: leadership, equity, accountability and partnerships in HIV prevention and care. AIDS. 2008 Aug

Toure, S., Kouadio, B., Seyler, C.,Traore, M., Dakoury-Dogbo, N., Duvignac, J., Diakite, N., Karcher, S. Grundmann, C., Marlink, R., Dabis, F., Anglaret, X. Rapid scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy in 10,000 adults in Cote d’Ivoire: 2-year outcomes and determinants. AIDS. 2008 Apr 23

Gruskin, S., Ferguson, L., Bogecho, D. O. Beyond the numbers: using rights-based perspectives to enhance antiretroviral treatment scale-up. AIDS. 2007 Oct

Tarantola, D., Gruskin, S. New guidance on recommended HIV testing and counselling. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21

Prevention of Infection

Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Mohammed T, Pretorius Holme M, Wang R, Kotokwe KP, Boleo C, Mupfumi L, Yankinda EK, Chakalisa U, van Widenfelt E, Gaolathe T, Mmalane MO, Dryden-Peterson S, Mine M, Lebelonyane R, Bennett K, Leidner J, Wirth KE, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Powis K, Moore J, Clarke WA, Lockman S, Makhema JM, Essex M, Novitsky V. Cross-sectional estimates revealed high HIV incidence in Botswana rural communities in the era of successful ART scale-up in 2013-2015. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 24.

Novitsky V, Gaolathe T, Mmalane M, Moyo S, Chakalisa U, Kadima Yankinda E, Marukutira T, Pretorius Holme M, Sekoto T, Gaseitsiwe S, Musonda R, van Widenfelt E, Powis KM, Khan N, Dryden-Peterson S, Bennett K, Wirth KE, Tchetgen Tchetgen E, Bachanas P, Mills LA, Lebelonyane R, Shenaaz EH, Makhema J, Lockman S, Essex M. Lack of Virological Suppression among Young HIV-Positive Adults in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Apr 27.

Wirth KE, Semo BW, Spees LP, Ntsuape C, Barnhart S, Ledikwe JH. A prospective cohort study of safety and patient satisfaction of voluntary medical male circumcision in Botswana. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 7.

Eshleman SH, Hudelson SE, Redd AD, Swanstrom R, Ou SS, Zhang XC, Ping LH, Piwowar-Manning E, Porcella SF, Sievers MF, Martens CA, Bruno D, Dukhovlinova E, McCauley M, Gamble T, Fogel JM, Sabin D, Quinn TC, Gunde L, Maliwichi M, Nhando N, Akelo V, Moyo S, Panchia R, Kumarasamy N, Chotirosniramit N, Gonçalves de Melo M, Pilotto J, Grinsztejn B, Mayer K, Chen YQ, Hughes JP, Cohen MS. Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of partner infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Aug 16.

Liu SH, Erion G, Novitsky V, De Gruttola V. Viral Genetic Linkage Analysis in the Presence of Missing Data. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 24

De Neve JW, Fink G, Subramanian SV, Moyo S, Bor J. Length of secondary schooling and risk of HIV infection in Botswana: evidence from a natural experiment. Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Aug 3

Wang R, Goyal R, Lei Q, Essex M, De Gruttola V. Sample size considerations in the design of cluster randomized trials of combination HIV prevention. Clin Trials. 2014 Mar 20

Plank RM, Wirth KE, Ndubuka NO, Abdullahi R, Nkgau M, Lesetedi C, Powis KM, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Lockman S. Single-Arm Evaluation of the AccuCirc Device for Early Infant Male Circumcision in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Mar 3

Grinsztejn B, Hosseinipour MC, Ribaudo HJ, Swindells S, Eron J, Chen YQ, Wang L, Ou SS, Anderson M, McCauley M, Gamble T, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Chariyalertsak S, de Melo MG, Mayer KH, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Makhema J, Mills LA, Panchia R, Sanne I, Gallant J, Hoffman I, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano D, Essex M, Havlir D, Cohen MS; the HPTN 052-ACTG Study Team. Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Mar 3

Novitsky V, Bussmann H, Logan A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Okui L, Mmalane M, Baca J, Buck L, Phillips E, Tim D, McLane MF, Lei Q, Wang R, Makhema J, Lockman S, Degruttola V, Essex M.Phylogenetic Relatedness of Circulating HIV-1C Variants in Mochudi, Botswana. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 11

Plank RM, Ndubuka NO, Wirth KE, Mwambona JT, Kebaabetswe P, Bassil B, Lesetedi C, Hussein FM, Magetse J, Nkgau M, Makhema J, Mmalane M, Creek T,Powis KM, Shapiro R, Lockman S. A Randomized Trial of Mogen Clamp versus Plastibell for Neonatal Male Circumcision in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jan 10

Novitsky, V., Essex, M. Using HIV viral load to guide treatment-for-prevention interventions. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Jan 16

Lockman, S., Sax, P. Treatment-for-prevention: clinical considerations. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Jan 5

Cohen, M.S., Chen, Y.Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M.C., Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J.G., Kumwenda, J., Grinsztejn, B., Pilotto, J.H., Godbole, S.V., Mehendale, S., Chariyalertsak, S., Santos, B.R., Mayer, K.H., Hoffman, I.F., Eshleman, S.H., Piwowar-Manning, E., Wang, L., Makhema, J., Mills, L.A., de Bruyn, G., Sanne, I., Eron, J., Gallant, J., Havlir, D., Swindells, S., Ribaudo, H., Elharrar, V., Burns, D., Taha, T.E., Nielsen-Saines, K., Celentano, D., Essex, M., Fleming, T.R.; the HPTN 052 Study Team. Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11

Shapiro, R., Hughes, M., Ogwu, A., Kitch, D., Lockman, S., Moffat, C., Makhema, J., Moyo, S., Thior, I., McIntosh, K., van Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J., Powis, K., Asmelash, A., Tumbare, E., Zwerski, S., Sharma, U., Handelsman, E., Mburu, K., Jayeoba, O., Moko, E., Souda, S., Lubega, E., Akhtar, M., Wester, C., Snowden, W., Martinez-Tristani, M., Mazhani, L., Essex, M.Antiretroviral Regimens in Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2010

Earls, F., Raviola, GJ., Carlson, M. Promoting child and adolescent mental health in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2008 Mar

Lagakos, SW., Gable, AR. Challenges to HIV prevention–seeking effective measures in the absence of a vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008 Apr 10

PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission

Lockman S, De Gruttola V. Outcomes following pregnancy conception on ART: a call for more data. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Aug 22.

Zash R, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Neural-Tube Defects with Dolutegravir Treatment from the Time of Conception. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 24.

Stringer EM, Kendall MA, Lockman S, Campbell TB, Nielsen-Saines K, Sawe F, Cu-Uvin S, Wu X, Currier JS. Pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected women who conceived on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 18.

Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Gaolethe T, Petlo C, Lockman S, Holmes LB, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Comparative safety of dolutegravir-based or efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment started during pregnancy in Botswana: an observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Jun 4.

Ibrahim M, Maswabi K, Ajibola G, Moyo S, Hughes MD, Batlang O, Sakoi M, Auletta-Young C, Vaughan L, Lockman S, Jean-Philippe P, Yu X, Lichterfeld M, Kuritzkes DR, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Targeted HIV testing at birth supported by low and predictable mother-to-child transmission risk in Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 May.

Zash R, Rough K, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Petlo C, Lockman S, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Effect of Gestational Age at Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Efavirenz Initiation on Adverse Birth Outcomes in Botswana. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 Apr 23

Powis KM, Lockman S, Ajibola G, Hughes MD, Bennett K, Leidner J, Batlang O, Botebele K, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, Makhema J, Petlo C, Jibril HB, McIntosh K, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Similar HIV protection from four weeks of zidovudine versus nevirapine prophylaxis among formula-fed infants in Botswana. South Afr J HIV Med. 2018 Mar 28.

Caniglia EC, Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Lockman S, Chen J, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Hernán MA, Shapiro RL. Emulating a target trial of antiretroviral therapy regimens started before conception and risk of adverse birth outcomes. AIDS. 2017 Nov 2.

Zash R, Jacobson DL, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mmalane M, Essex M, Petlo C, Lockman S, Makhema J, Shapiro RL. Comparative Safety of Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens in Pregnancy. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Aug 7

Zash R, Souda S, Chen JY, Binda K, Dryden-Peterson S, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Reassuring Birth Outcomes With Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz Used for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016 Apr 1

Ogwu A, Moyo S, Powis K, Asmelash A, Lockman S, Moffat C, Leidner J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Predictors of Early Breastfeeding Cessation among HIV-infected women in Botswana. Trop Med Int Health. 2016 May 25

Zash R, Souda S, Chen JY, Binda K, Dryden-Peterson S, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro R. Reassuring Birth Outcomes with Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz used for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Sep 12

Dryden-Peterson S, Bennett K, Hughes MD, Veres A, John O, Pradhananga R, Boyer M, Brown C, Sakyi B, van Widenfelt E, Keapoletswe K, Mine M, Moyo S, Asmelash A, Siedner M, Mmalane M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. An Augmented SMS Intervention to Improve Access to Antenatal CD4 Testing and ART Initiation in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women: A Cluster Randomized Trial. PLoS One.2015 Feb 18

Dryden-Peterson S, Lockman S, Zash R, Lei Q, Chen JY, Souda S, Petlo C, Dintwa E, Lebelonyane R, Mmalane M, Shapiro RL. Initial Programmatic Implementation of WHO Option B in Botswana Associated with Increased Projected MTCT. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Dec 11

Liu KC, Farahani M, Mashamba T, Mawela M, Joseph J, Van Schaik N, Honey E, Gill M, Jassat W, Stringer EM, Chintu N, Marlink RG. Pregnancy outcomes and birth defects from an antiretroviral drug safety study of women in South Africa and Zambia. AIDS. 2014 Aug 11

Russell ES, Mohammed T, Smeaton L, Jorowe B, Macleod IJ, Hoffman RM, Currier JS, Moyo S, Essex M, Lockman S. Immune activation markers in peripartum women in botswana: association with feeding strategy and maternal morbidity. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 21

Boltz VF, Bao Y, Lockman S, Halvas EK, Kearney MF, McIntyre JA, Schooley RT, Hughes MD, Coffin JM, Mellors JW; for the OCTANE/A5208 Team. Low-Frequency Nevirapine (NVP)-Resistant HIV-1 Variants Are Not Associated With Failure of Antiretroviral Therapy in Women Without Prior Exposure to Single-Dose NVP. J Infect Dis. 2014 Jan 16

Powis KM, McElrath TF, Hughes MD, Ogwu A, Souda S, Datwyler SA, von Widenfelt E, Moyo S, Nádas M, Makhema J, Machakaire E, Lockman S, Essex M, Shapiro RL. High Viral Load and Elevated Angiogenic Markers Associated with Increased Risk of Preeclampsia among Women Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Pregnancy in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jan 22

Mazzeo CI, Flanagan EH, Bobrow EA, Pitter CS, Marlink R. How the global call for elimination of pediatric HIV can support HIV-positive women to achieve their pregnancy intentions. Reprod Health Matters. 2012 Dec 20

Sawe F, Lockman S. To B or Not to B? That Is the Question, for Global Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Prevention Programs. Clin Infect Dis.2012 Nov 30

Shapiro RL., Rossi S., Ogwu A., Moss M., Leidner J., Moffat C., Lockman S., Moyo S., Makhema J., Essex M., Capparelli E. Therapeutic levels of lopinavir in late pregnancy and abacavir passage into breast milk, in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. Antivir Ther.2012 Nov 26

Chen JY, Ribaudo HJ, Souda S, Parekh N, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Powis K, Dryden-Peterson S, Creek T, Jimbo W, Madidimalo T, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Birth Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Women in Botswana. J Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 12

Shapiro, Roger L.; Souda, Sajini; Parekh, Natasha; Binda, Kelebogile; Kayembe, Mukendi; Lockman, Shahin; Svab, Petr; Babitseng, Orphinah; Powis, Kathleen; Jimbo, William; Creek, Tracy; Makhema, Joseph; Essex, Max; Roberts, Drucilla J.; Vermund, Sten H. High Prevalence of Hypertension and Placental Insufficiency, but No In Utero HIV Transmission, among Women on HAART with Stillbirths in Botswana. PLoS ONE. 2012 Feb 22

Becquet R, Marston M, Dabis F, Moulton LH, Gray G, Coovadia HM, Essex M, Ekouevi DK, Jackson D, Coutsoudis A, Kilewo C, Leroy V, Wiktor SZ, Nduati R, Msellati P, Zaba B, Ghys PD, Newell ML; UNAIDS Child Survival Group.Children who acquire HIV infection perinatally are at higher risk of early death than those acquiring infection through breastmilk: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012 Feb 23

Dong, B.J., Zheng, Y., Hughes, M.D., Frymoyer, A., Verotta, D., Lizak, P., Sawe, F., Currier, J.S., Lockman, S., Aweeka, F.T.; for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 5208 Team. Nevirapine (NVP) pharmacokinetics (PK) and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected Sub-Saharan African Women. AIDS. 2012 Feb 1

Rossenkhan, R., Novitsky, V., Sebunya, T.K., Leidner, J., Hagan, J.E., Moyo, S., Smeaton, L., Lockman, S., Musonda, R., Ndung’u, T., Gaseitsiwe, S., Thior, I., Mmalane, M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Shapiro, R. Infant Feeding Practices were not Associated with Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Botswana. AIDS Behav. 2011 Sep 7

Dryden-Peterson, S., Jayeoba, O., Hughes, M.D., Jibril, H., Keapoletswe, K., Tlale, J., Modise, T.A., Asmelash, A., Moyo, S., van Widenfel,t E., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy versus Zidovudine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in a Programmatic Setting, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Jul 22

Powis, K.M., Kitch, D., Ogwu, A., Hughes, M.D., Lockman, S., Leidner, J., van Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C., Moyo, S., Makhema, J., Essex, M., Shapiro, R.L. Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery Among HIV-Infected Women Randomized to Protease Versus Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based HAART During Pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 2011 Aug

Lockman, S., Hughes, M.D., McIntyre, J., Zheng, Y., Chipato, T., Conradie, F., Sawe, F., Asmelash, A., Hosseinipour, M.C., Mohapi, L., Stringer, E., Mngqibisa, R., Siika, A., Atwine, D., Hakim, J., Shaffer, D., Kanyama, C., Wools-Kaloustian, K., Salata, R.A., Hogg, E., Alston-Smith, B., Walawander, A., Purcelle-Smith, E., Eshleman, S., Rooney, J., Rahim, S., Mellors, J.W., Schooley, R.T., Currier, J.S.; OCTANE A5208 Study Team. Antiretroviral therapies in women after single-dose nevirapine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 14

MacLeod, I.J., Rowley, C.F., Essex, M., and Lockman, S. Minor Resistant Variants in Nevirapine-Exposed Infants May Predict Virologic Failure on Nevirapine-Containing ART. J. Clin. Virol. 2010

Shapiro, R., Hughes, M., Ogwu, A., Kitch, D., Lockman, S., Moffat, C., Makhema, J., Moyo, S., Thior, I., McIntosh, K., van Widenfelt, E., Leidner, J., Powis, K., Asmelash, A., Tumbare, E., Zwerski, S., Sharma, U., Handelsman, E., Mburu, K., Jayeoba, O., Moko, E., Souda, S., Lubega, E., Akhtar, M., Wester, C., Snowden, W., Martinez-Tristani, M., Mazhani, L., Essex, M.Antiretroviral Regimens in Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2010

Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S. Mortality among HIV-exposed infants: the first and final frontier. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1

Lockman, S., Creek, T. Acute maternal HIV infection during pregnancy and breast-feeding: substantial risk to infants. J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 1

Rossenkhan, R., Ndung’u, T., Sebunya, T., Hagan, J., Shapiro, R., Novitsky, V., Moyo, S.M., Thior, I., Lockman, S., Mitchell, R., Kim, S., Musonda, R., van Widenfelt, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M.Temporal Reduction of HIV Type 1 Viral Load in Breast Milk by Single-Dose Nevirapine during Prevention of MTCT. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2009

Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L., Lockman, S., Thior, I., Rossenkahn, R., Wester, C., Stevens, L., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Leidner, J., Novitsky, V., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. Risk Factors for Early and Late Transmission of HIV via Breast-Feeding among Infants Born to HIV-Infected Women in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Botswana. J. Infect. Dis. 2009

Bae, W.H., Wester, C., Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Onyait, K., Thior, I., and Essex, M.Hematologic and Hepatic Toxicities Associated with Antenatal and Postnatal Exposures to Maternal HAART in Infants in Botswana. AIDS. 2008

Zhang, P., Lagakos, SW. Analysis of time to a silent event whose occurrence is monitored with error, with application to mother-to-child HIV transmission. Stat. Med. 2008 Oct 15

Jourdain, G., Mary, JY., Coeur, SL., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Yuthavisuthi, P., Limtrakul, A., Traisathit, P., McIntosh, K., Lallemant, M. Risk Factors for In Utero or Intrapartum Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Thailand. J.Infect. Dis. 2007 Dec 1

Kantarci, S., Koulinska, IN., Aboud, S., Fawzi, WW., Villamor, E. Subclinical mastitis, cell-associated HIV-1 shedding in breast milk, and breast-feeding transmission of HIV-1. JAIDS. 2007 Dec 15

Lockman, S., McIntyre, JA. Reduction of HIV-1 drug resistance after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine. Lancet. 2007 Nov 17

Lockman, S., Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L.M., Wester, C., Thior, I., Stevens, L., Chand, F., Makhema, J., Moffat, C., Asmelash, A., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., van Widenfelt, E., Mazhani, L., Novitsky, V., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Response to Antiretroviral Therapy after a Single, Peripartum Dose of Nevirapine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007

Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Smeaton, L., Rahkola, J.T., Thior, I., Wester, C., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Stevens, L., Montano, M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Janoff, E.N. Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and Breast Milk Immunologic Profiles among Breastfeeding HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in Botswana. J. Infect. Dis. 2007

Thior, I., Gabaitiri, L., Grimes, J., Shapiro, R., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Kebaabetswe, P., Garmey, E., Montano, M., Peter, T., Chang, S.Y., Marlink, R., and Essex M. Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Post-Partum Women in Botswana. Patient Educ. Couns. 2007

Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Chaplin, B. Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M.Transmission of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Through Breast-Feeding. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2006

Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Wester, C., Heymann, S.J., Gilbert, P.B., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Kim, S., van Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., Kebaabetswe, P., Mazonde, P., Makhema, J., McIntosh, K., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Marlink, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M., for the Mashi Study Team. Breastfeeding Plus Infant Zidovudine Prophylaxis for 6 Months vs Formula Feeding Plus Infant Zidovudine for 1 Month to Reduce Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Botswana. A Randomized Trial: The Mashi Study. JAMA. 2006

Vaccine Development

Firnhaber, C., Evans, D., Friedman-Khalili, R., Willliams, S., Michelow, P., Matlhagela, K., Wester, C., Grinsztejn, B., Lockman, S. Seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in HIV-infected women from South Africa, Brazil and Botswana. J Clin Virol. 2011 Sep 9

Rodriguez, SK., Sarr, AD., MacNeil, A., Thakore-Meloni, S., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Traore, I., Dia, MC., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. Comparison of heterologous neutralizing antibody responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-infected Senegalese patients: distinct patterns of breadth and magnitude distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. J. Virol. 2007 May