From The Ground Up

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Volume  I  Contents  |  Volume II Contents  |  Volume III Contents  |  FAQs  | 


Introduction by: Pamela Barnes, President and CEO, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Edited by: Richard Marlink, MD, Senior Advisor, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation and Professor of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health; Sara Teitelman, MPH, Senior Technical Editor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Mara banda with Miracle, the boy that she saved from being killed by his family after both his parents died from AIDS. Photo by Dominic Chavez
Mara banda with Miracle, the boy that she saved from being killed by his family after both his parents died from AIDS. Photo by Dominic Chavez

Format: From the Ground Up consists of three softcover volumes presented inside of a hardcover slipcase. The full content of the book is also available as a searchable CD-ROM.Description: From the Ground Up is a three-volume collection of best practices and lessons learned by 320 distinguished HIV/AIDS professionals from around the globe, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. This groundbreaking publication is being produced by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation with support from the “A Day in the Life of Africa” AIDS Education Fund, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harvard University, and others. In an unprecedented move for a publication of this size and quality, the Foundation is offering the book free of charge in the hope that it will reach the widest possible audience, especially those doing program implementation work “on the ground” in resource-limited settings.

Content: Each volume is named after an essential step in HIV/AIDS program implementation. Volume one, “Laying a Strong Foundation,” highlights the key elements that should be in place prior to program initiation. Volume two, “Establishing a Framework for Success,” touches on both scientific and practical considerations for the provision of HIV-related care, treatment, and prevention services. Volume three, “Developing Pathways and Partnerships,” looks at ways in which implementers, once programs have been established, can ensure that services reach those who need them most. Chapters in each volume are grouped together by topic area, making the publication an easy-to-navigate, comprehensive summary of practical considerations for HIV/AIDS programs in the 21st century. Volumes also feature several profiles of extraordinary individuals on the “front lines” of the pandemic, ranging from a community health nurse in western Kenya to the first African religious leader to publicly disclose his HIV-positive status. These profiles include color photographs taken by award-winning photojournalist Dominic Chavez (formerly of the Boston Globe) and words by John Donnelly (also formerly with the Boston Globe).

Contributor Affiliations: Contributors to this publication are affiliated with many well-known institutions, including: AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Uganda, Baylor College of Medicine, Brown University, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheikh Anta Diop University in Senegal, Chiang Mai University in Thailand, EngenderHealth, Family Health International, François-Xavier Bagnoud Center, George Washington University, Global Network of People Living with HIV, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, International Council of Nurses, International Rescue Committee, John Snow Inc., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, Kings College London, Makerere University in Uganda, Management Sciences for Health, Ministries of Health (Botswana, Cambodia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, Northwestern University, Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, Stanford University, UNAIDS, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Francisco, University of Cape Town in South Africa, University of Jos in Nigeria, University of Maryland, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Washington, University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, Vanderbilt University, World Bank Institute, World Health Organization, and many others.


Volume I Contents


Foreword

Peter Piot

Preface
Richard G. Marlink and Sara J. Teitelman

Introduction
Pamela W. Barnes

Foreword
Peter Piot

Preface
Marlink, Teitelman

Introduction
Pamela W. Barnes

Acknowledgements

Leadership Profile: Mara Banda

Introduction to Volume I: Laying a Strong Foundation
Sheila Tlou

Leadership Profile: Daniel Ongayi

WORKFORCE CAPACITY

Estimating Health Workforce Needs for Antiretroviral Theraproviral Therapy
Andrew M. Fullem & Lisa R. Hirschhorn

9 Sidebar: Task Shifting in Botswana: Equipping Nurses to Manage and Dispense Antiretroviral Drugs
Joyce Kgatlwane

Overcoming Human-Resources-for-Health Challenges at the Service Delivery Level
Stephen N. Kinoti and Nigel Liveley

23 Sidebar: Task Shifting Guidelines in the Era of HiV Program Expansion
Francesca Celletti, Badara Samb, Anna Francesca Wright, Alan Greenberg, and Joan Holloway
Caring for Caregivers: Lessions Learned in Addressing the Needs of Health-Care Workers Affected by HIV/AIDS
Michael Vitols, Dorothy Gillian Ngoma, Olive Ngandu, and Isaac Sulwe

Popular Training Methodologies and Applications
Elizabeth McCarthy, Anne Sliney, and Megan O’Brien

42 Sidebar: The Development and Application of a Distance Learning Tool for HIV Care and Treatment
Fransje van der Waals

Curriculum Development and Training for Comprehensive HIV Care
Kimberly Zeller

73 Sidebar: Training and Treating at the Same Time: Experiences with National HIV/AIDS Training in Nigeria
James C. Shepherd, Abdulrazaq Habib, and Patrick Dakum

Supporting National ART Scale-Up in Botwana through Standardized, Multiphased Training
Christine Bussman, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Tendani Gaolathe, Hermann Bussmann, C. William Wester, Patricia Ncube, Ava Avalos, Madisa Minda, Daniel Baxter, Elang Mabe, Patricia Burns, Joseph Makhema, and Richard Marlink.

Development and Implementation of Training Packages for PMTCT and Pediatric HIV Care
Linda S. Podhurst, Mary Jo Hoyt, Farai Dube, Nomfundo Nhlapo, Lucy Connell, and Robert Ayisi

Training and Clinical Mentorship to Support the Scale-Up of Pediatric HIV CAre: Lessons Learned from Uganda
Edward Bitarakwate

Developing National Training Materials for PRevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: The Zimbabwe Experience
Agnes Mahomva, Anna Miller, and Rumbidzai Mugwagwa

Expanding the Roles of Nurses and Advanced Practice Nursing in HIV/AIDS Care
Suzanne Willard

142 Sidebar: The UCSF ASPIRE Nurse Training Program
Catherine Lyons, Project ASPIRE, University of California, San Francisco

144 Sidebar: Expriences and Challenges among Nurses in Malawi
Evelyn B. Chilemba, Kamuzu College fo Nursing, University of Malawio

LABORATORY AND PHARMACY SERVICES

Challenges in Developing Laboratory Capacity and Infrastructure to Support HIV/AIDS Care Programs
John. N. Nkengasong, Deborah Birx, and Jean-Louis Sankale
Developing Laboratoreis to Support HIV0RElated Service and Research Activities in Sub-Sarahan Africa
Wendy Stevens and Deborah K. Glencross

Managing Medicines and Supplies for HIV/AIDS Program Scale-Up
Helena Walkowiak and Doublas Keene

HIV/AIDS Drug Procurement and Supply Chain Management
Yasmin Chandani, Eric Takan, Claudia Allers, and Collen McLaughlin

Lower-Cost Laboratory Monitoring for CD4 T-Lymphocyte Enumeration, HIV RNA Quanititaion, and Drug Resistance
Seble Kassaye, Cybele Renault, and Dennis M. Israelski

Expanding the Role of Pharmacy Staff in Antiretroviral Therapy
Helena Walkowiak and Douglas Keene

MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND QUALITY OF CARE

The Third One: Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV Programs
John Puvimanasinghe, Wayne Gill and Eduard Beck

The Third One in Practice: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Botswana National HIV Response
John Puvimanasinghe Wayne Gill and Eduard Beck

The Importance of Standard Operation Procedures for HIV Care
Leine Stuart, Eric van Praag, Babajide Keshinro, and Mukadi Ya Diul

Wuality Management in HIV Care
Lisa R. Hischhorn and Bruce D. Agins

Achieving and Maintaining Quality in HIV Care: Lessons Learned from Zambia
Mary Morris and Nicole M. Quiterio

HUMAN RIGHTS AND HIV CARE

Universal Access: Are National Strategic Plans SEnsitive to Human Rights?
Daniel Tarantola and Sofia Gruskin

Human Rights and Women’s Empowerment in the Context of HIV and AIDS
Eka Esu-Williams

Overcoming Obstacles to Care and Treatment for Women Living with HIV
Deloris Dockrey and Lynde Francis

386 Sidebar: Transforming Male Gender Norms to Address the Root Causes of HIV and AIDS
Andrew Levack

Adopting Human Rights Standards int he Scale-Up of HIV/AIDS Care: Lessions Learned from Argentina, Botswa, and Thailand
Shyami Puvimanasinghe, Christine Stegling, Karyn Kaplan, Mabel Bianco, and Paisan Suwannawong

HIV Care, Treatment, and Prevention in Conflict Settings
Susan Purdin, Wendy Venter, and Roxanne Saucier

Barriers to HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care, and Treatment for Men Who Have Sex with Men
Vasu Reddy and Theo Sandfort

Leadership Profile: Noerine Kaleeba


Volume II Contents


Introduction: Establishing a Framework for SuccessMichel Kazatchkine

Leadership Profile: Sam Phiri

SCIENCE AND TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION

Biology and Variation in HIV-2 and HIV-1
Phyllis J. Kanki and Seema Thakore Meloni

Immunology of HIV Infection and the Host Response
Desmond J. Martin

Immunology of HIV-1 and the Host Response in Children
Sibyl Greelen and Debbie van Baarle

Fundamentals of Antiretroviral Therapy
John Idoko

Antiretroviral Treatment Failure, Drug Resistance, and Management of Therapy-Experienced Patients
Babafemi Taiwo and Robert Murphy

Drug-Drug Interaction in HIV Disease Management
Hermann Bussmann and Kimberly K. Scarsi

Recognition and Management of Antiretroviral Toxicities in Adults
C. William Wester and Hermann Bussman

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Lewis J. Haddow, Phillippa Easterbrook, and Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa

Injecting Drug Users and HIV: Issues in Care and Treatment
Eric P. Goosby and Deborah von Zinkermagel
Sidebar: Compassionate Care for Injecting Drug Users
Timothy P. Planigan and Josiah Rich

HIV/AIDS and Nutrition in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Programmatic Implications for Care and Treatment
Julia L. Finkelstein, Ferdinant M. Mugasi, Saurabh Mehta, and Wafaie W. Fawzi

HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis: General Recommendations and Lessons Learned from Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Raphael Onu Ojoh, John Idoko, Bitrus Badung, Patricia Agaba, and Oche Agbaji

OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, CANCERS, AND COINFECTIONS

An Algorithmic Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Headache and Visual Loss in People Living with HIV
Andrew D. Kambugu and Juliet Otiti Sengeri

Treatment of HIV-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Anisa Mosam

Gastrointestinal Conditions in People Living wtih HIV
Iris De Ryck, Seilavath Ros, Lut Lynen, and Robert Colebunders

Identification and Management of Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV in Adults and Children
Anisa Mosam and Avumile Mankahla

Chronic Hepatitis B and HIV
Debika Bhattacharya, Norah J. Shire, and Emmet B. Keeffe

Prevention and Management of Malaria Infection in People Living with HIV
Paula E. Brentligner and Christpher B. Behrens

Diagnosis and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Considerations for Women Living with HIV
Anjali Sharma, Jack DeHovitz, Elizabeth Mbizvo, and Francis Ndowa

Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Dysplasia in Women Living with HIV
Cynthia S. Firnhaber

Building a Cervical Cancer Prevention Program into the HIV Care and Treatment Infrastructure in Zambia
Goesbeck P. Parham, Mulindi Mwanahammuntu, Krista Pfaendler, Gricelia Mkumba, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Michael L. Hicks, Edith Welty, and Jeffrey S. A. Stringer

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV
Steward E. Reid and Micheal E. Kimerling

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Tuberclosis in Infants and Children Living with HIV
Alwyn Mwinga and Carolyn Bolton Moore

Approaches to Prevention and Management of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Sheela Shenoi, Anthony Moll, and Gerald Friedland

Expanding the Role of Nurses in TB Prevention, Care and Treatment
Tesfamicael Chebrehiwet

Building Laboratory Capacity for Rapid Detetion and Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Bereneice Madison

Integration of TB and HIV Care in Large, Urban Primary Health Centers: Lessons Learned from Lusaka, Zambia
Hennifer Hrris, Kelly Randels, Nzali Kancheya, Bushimbwa Tambatamba Chapula, and Steward Reid

Integrating TB and HIV Care: Lessons Learned from Rwanda
Livinus Bangendanye, Martin Ngabonziza, Blaise Karibushi, Dominique Rwakunda, Usabinema Agathe, Jean Batiste Sahaha, Eric van Praag, Deborah Murrah, and Mukadi Ya Diul

HIV PREVENTION, COUNSELING, AND TESTING

Rethinking Approaches to HIV Prevention
Marie Laga
Sidebar: Anti-HIV Microbicides: Paving the Way Forward
Jeremy Nuttall, Saul Walker, Caroline Galbreath, Pamela Norick and Zeda Rosenberg

Positive Prevention in Africa: A Plan for Action
Rebecca Bunnell, Rachek King, Nafuna Wamai, Esther Agali, Jaco Homsy, and Jonathan Mermin

Public-Health Interventions for HIV Prevention: Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Adult Male Circumcision
Vikrant V. Saharabuddhe, Laura E. Tharpe, Katherine L. Allen, and Sten H. Vermund

HSV-2 Treatment Interventions to Control HIV: Hope for the Future?
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe and Connie Celum

Theory and Practice of HIV Counseling and Testing
Claudes M. Kamenga and Gloria Sangiwa

Routine HIV Testing: The Botswana Experience
Sheri D. Weiser, Lisa M. Butler, Vincent I. Iacopino, and Shyami Puvimanasinghe
Sidebar: Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling an Human Rights: Reflections on the Botswana Experience
Shyami Puvimanasinghe and Uyapo Ndadi

Couples HIV Counseling and Testing as and Entry Point to HIV Care
Anchilla Mary Owor, Andrew Mujungira, and Linda Kavuma

PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV

Issues in Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Breastfeeding Transmission
Dhayendre Moodley and Hoosen Coovadia

Overview of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
Isaac Adewole and Solomon Sagay

A Review of Clinical Efficacy Trials and Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV during Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery
Shahin Lockamn

Special Considerations for the Administration of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy during Pregnancy
Elizabeth M. Stringer and Benjamin H. Chi

Drug Resistance following the Use of Antiretrovirals for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Prevalence and Implications for Treatment Response
Shahin Lockman

The Evolution of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission: From Simple to More Complex Regimens
Sphie Le Coeur, Suparat Karnjanavanit, Nipunporn Voramongkol, Siripon Kanshana, Somsack Pattarakulwanich, Virat Klinbuayam, Suporn Koetsawang, and Marc Lallemant

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission as an Entry Point to Care and Treatment
Gonzague Jourdain, Intira Collins, Federica Fregonese, Sarakij Bhakeecheep, Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong, Prapap Yuthavisuthi, Jullapong Achalapong, Guttiga Halue, and Sophie Le Coeur.

PEDIATRIC AND ADOESCENT HIV CARE

Approaches to Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV
Wendy Stevens and Gayle Sherman

Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Lessons Learned from Johannesburg, South Africa
Gayle G. Sherman

Early Diagnosis and Care of HIV-Exposed Infants: Lessons Learned from Thailand
Intira Collins, Pranee Leechanachai, Wasna Siriungsi, Tassana Leusaree, Sorakji Bhakeecheep, and Nicole Gno-Giang-Huong

Simplified Approaches to Pediatric HIV Screening
Anniek J. De Baets, Jose Ramet, and Philippe Lepage

Improving Identification and Follow-Up of HIV Exposed Children in Zimbabwe
Agnes Mahomva, Rufaro Madzima, And Anna Miller

Principles of Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy
Tammy Meyers, Heather Jaspan, Helena Rabie and Mark Cotton

Follow up and Adherence Management for Children and Adolescents Living with HIV
Dorthy Mbori-Ngacha
Sidebar: Bringing Children Affected by HIV and AIDS Back from the Brink: The Maddox Chivan Children’s Center for the Cambodian Health Committee
Marie-Pierre Fernandez, Sok Thim, and Anne E. Goldfeld

Nutrition, HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy in Infants and Children
Katherine A. Krasovec, Wafaie Fawzi, and Nigel Rollins

Treatment and Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Children Living with HIV
Maxensia Owor, Mary Glenn Flowler, Heather Jaspan, Helena Rabie, Mark Cotton, and Philippa Musoke

Programming Considerations for Youth-Friendly HIV Care and Treatment Services
Smita Kuma, Kristin Mmari and William Barns
Sidebar: Meeting the Psychosocial Nees of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV through Health Worker Training
Susan Strasser

Leadership Profile: Mengistu Zemene


Volume III Contents


Introduction: Developing Pathways and Partnerships
Mark Dybul

Leadership Profile: Syprose Adhiambo Oduor

ROLLING OUT AND SCALING UP

Principles and Experiences in National Antiretroviral Therapy Roll-Out
Alfredo E. Vergara, Americo Assan, And Sten H. Vermund

Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Treatement Delivery
Sydney Rosen, Lawrence Long, and Ian Sanne

Implementing the Continuum of Care for HIV: Lessons Learned from Tanzania
Eric van Praag, Rowland Swai, Gottlieb Mpangile, an Feddy Mwana

The MTCT-Plus Initiative: Engaging Women and Families in Care through PMTCT Services
Elaine J. Abrams, Patricia Toro, Deo Wabwire, Robin Flam, Philippa Musoke, and Wafaa El-Sadr

Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi: Achievements and Challenges
Anthody D. Harries, Smon D. Makombe, Erik J. Schouten, and Kelita Kamoto

Implementing a National Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Program: Lessons Learned from Mozambique
Paula Vas, Giberto Manhica, Carlo Giaquinto, and Stephane Blance

Implementing Comprehensive Care for Children Living with HIV at the District Level
Anniek J. De Baets, Philippe Lepage, and Jose Ramet

Youth-Friendly Services for HIV Prevention, Treatment, and Care: The Tuungane Youth Project, Kenya
Kawango Ago and Jacob Odhiambo Onyango

Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Roll-Out: Lessons Learned from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Kimesh Naidoo

Integration of HIV Care for Pediatric Populations
Joseph I. Harwell, Elizabeth Dufort and David Pugatch
Sidebar: Addressing the Hunger Needs of the Family and Communicty: A Nutrition Initiative within and HIV Care Program
Elizabeth Durfort, Winstone Nyandiko, and Joseph I. Harwell
Sidebar: The Mondol Mith Chuoy Mith Center and the Cambodian Continuum of Care
Bunna Kim, Mean Chhi Vun, Joseph I. Harwell, and David Pugatch

The Role of Social and Behavior Change Communication in Combating HIV/AIDS
Susan Krenn and Rupali Limaye

Communications Strategies for HIV/AIDS in Africa: Lessons Learned in Ethiopia and Senegal
Collins O. Airhihenbuwa, Fekerte Belete, Khadidiatou Ndiaye, and Cheikh I. Niang

COMMUNITY-BASED CARE

The Growing Importance of Community-Based Care
Joia S. Mukherjee and Fernet Leandre
Principles of Adult and Pediatric Palliative Care
Kimberly Green and Carla Horne
Provision of Palliative Care in South Africa: Lessons Learned from the Hospice Palliative Care Association
Kath Defilippi and Sue Cameron

Peer Education in HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Programs
Miriam Rabkin
Sidebar: A Peer Educator’s Story: Experience Working in HIV/AIDS Program Management and Advocacy as an HIV Peer Counselor in Nigeria
Mary Ashie
Mobilizing the Community to Expand Access to HIV Testing, Care, and Treatment: Lessons Learned
Peter Mugyenyi, Cissy Kityo, Francis Ssali, and Augustin Muhwezi
Sidebar: The Creativity Initiative: Empowering People Living with HIV to Become “Change Agents”
Keith PWJ McAdam, Andrew Kambugu, Leah Thayer, Penny AS McAdam, and Caleb
Twijukye

The Use of Midwives and Traditional Birth Attendants in HIV Care
Freddy Perez and Tih Pius Muffih

The Role of Traditional Healers in Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Africa: Untapped Opportunities
Rachel King, Dorothy Balaba, Bwira Kaboru, Donna Kabatesi, Anastasia Pharris, and Jaco Homsy

Use of Laypeople to Scale Up HIV Testing and Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda
Michael Etukoit, Christine Nabiryo, and Alex Coutinho

Principles of Adult and Pediatric Home-Based Care: Lessons Learned from Thailand
Wilawan Senaratana, Pikul Nantachaipan, and Chomnard Potjanamart

LEADERSHIP AND PARTNERSHIPS

Surveying the Global HIV/AIDS Landscape
Rose McCullough and Lior Miller

Clinical and Community Provision of Care and Treatment for Children Living with HIV in Zimbabwe: National Policy and Strategy Development
Matthews Maruva, Jo Keatinge, Anna Miller, Geoff Foster, and Filda Bwakura

Part of the Solution: Faith-Based Responses to HIV and AIDS in Africa
Geoff Foster
Sidebar: World Health Organization Studies Show Faith-Based Organizations’ Engagement in HIV/AIDS Care Is Extensive and Crucial
Ted Karpf

The Case for Integrating Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS Programs
Janet Fleischman

Approaches to Linking HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment with Sexual and Reproductive Health Services
Michael T. Mbizvo

Expanding Access to HIV Care and Prevention through Successful Public-Private Partnerships: Lessons Learned from Botswana
Joan Sullivan, Lesego Busang, L.R.G. Manthe, and Themba L. Moeti

Public-Private Partnerships: From Theory to Practice
R. Sebastian Wanless, John Damonti, Phangisile Mtshali, and Patricia Doykos

Leadership Profile: Gideon Byamugisha

Epilogue

Contributors


FAQs From the Ground Up


Q: Why did the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation decide to create this publication?
A: The rapid scale-up of HIV/AIDS care programs now underway in many countries signals a pivotal point in the global response. The Foundation led this project to broaden our own base of knowledge about the current state of HIV/AIDS program implementation, and to encourage the consideration of these lessons by others in our field.

Q: Where did the funding for this publication come from?
A: The project began with a seed grant from “A Day in the Life of Africa” AIDS Education Fund. Additional support was received from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as part of the Foundation’s Project HEART initiative (Cooperative Agreement U62/CCU123541), as well as in-kind support from Harvard University and other institutions.

"Hope" 2006, Cape Town, South Africa Photo by Funeka Nceke, courtesy Venice Arts©
“Hope” 2006, Cape Town, South Africa Photo by Funeka Nceke, courtesy Venice Arts©

Q: How many authors contributed to the text and how were they selected?
A: Over 320 authors contributed to this text. Authors for each chapter were selected based on their established expertise in a given area of practice. Other contributors to the publication included a team of section editors and expert technical reviewers responsible for content review and a scientific advisory board, consisting of respected authorities on international HIV/AIDS care.

Q: Were the authors paid to participate in this effort?
A: All authors volunteered their time for this collaboration. Each will receive a complimentary copy of the book as remuneration for their contribution.

Q: Is all of the information in the book officially endorsed by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation?
A: The views, opinions, and recommendations in each chapter are those of the authors alone and do not express the official views of the Foundation, its partners, or its financial supporters.

Q: Is this book a “how-to” manual?
A: From the Ground Up is not a “how-to” manual. Rather, it is a collection of many different viewpoints and experiences, each as unique as its authors. These experiences, together with the scientific and programmatic evidence on which they are based, form the backbone of what is sometimes referred to as the “science of implementation.” Readers will be enriched by learning what professionals in a range of disciplines have been able to accomplish in this diverse field, with these lessons providing a rich context for guidelines and standard operating procedures found elsewhere.

"The Union" 2007, Maputo, Mozambique Photo by Aires, age 18, courtesy Venice Arts©
“The Union” 2007, Maputo, Mozambique Photo by Aires, age 18, courtesy Venice Arts©

A: Orders for booksets and CD-ROMs containing the full content of the print publication may be placed by visiting at: http://www.pedaids.org/pages/contact-us. The book is being provided free of charge to individuals; shipping and handling fees may apply.Q: How can I order a copy? How much will it cost?

Q: Where did the photos on the covers come from?
A: The images appearing on the cover of each volume are from a social arts initiative entitled “The House is Small but the Welcome is Big” led by the California-based Venice Arts organization. This project aims to explore the impact of the AIDS epidemic as seen through the eyes of women and youth affected by HIV and AIDS. For more information on this project, visit http://thehouseissmall.org.

Q: Will this book be translated into other languages?
A: There are no current plans to translate the book into other languages, but this may be considered in the future if there is sufficient demand.

Q: Who can I contact for more information about this publication?
A: General inquiries may be sent to info@pedaids.org.