

“I believe that the findings of the Mashi Study will reinforce the importance of performing research studies among the populations that they are most likely to benefit.”
- Carolyn Wester
Study Coordinator, BHP

Novitsky, V., Woldegabriel, E., Wester, C., McDonald, E., Rossenkhan, R., Ketunuti, M., Makhema, J., Seage, G.R, III, and Essex, M. Identification of Primary HIV-1C Infection in Botswana. AIDS Care. 20(7): 806-11 (2008).
Novitsky, V., Gaolath, T., Woldegabriel, E., Makhema, J., and Essex, M. A Seronegative Case of HIV-1 Subtype C Infection in Botswana. Clin. Infect. Dis 45:e68-71 (2007).
Kassutto, S., Maghsoudi, K., Johnston, MN., Robbins, GK., Burgett, NC., Sax, PE., Cohen, D, Pae, E., Davis, B., Zachary, K., Basgoz, N., D'agata, EM., DeGruttola, V., Walker, BD., Rosenberg, ES. Longitudinal analysis of clinical markers following antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute or early HIV type 1 infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. Apr 1; 42(7): 1024-31 (2006)
Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Van-Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd., Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin. Infect. Dis. Feb 15; 46(4): 507-15 (2008)
Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd. Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ cell evolution among children and adolescents infected with HIV: 5 years and counting. Clin. Infect. Dis. Jun 1; 46(11): 1751-60 (2008)
Williams, PL., Van-Dyke, R., Eagle, M., Smith, D., Vincent, C., Ciupak, G., Oleske, J., Seage, GR, 3rd. Association of site-specific and participant-specific factors with retention of children in a long-term pediatric HIV cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. Jun 1; 167(11): 1375-86 (2008)
Brogly, SB., Ylitalo, N., Mofenson, LM., Oleske, J., Van-Dyke, R., Crain, MJ., Abzug, MJ., Brady, M., Jean-Philippe, P., Hughes, MD., Seage, GR, 3rd. In utero nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure and signs of possible mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children. AIDS. May 11; 21(8): 929-38 (2007)
Gona, P., Van-Dyke, RB., Williams, PL., Dankner, WM., Chernoff, MC., Nachman, SA., Seage, GR, 3rd. Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era. JAMA. Jul 19; 296(3): 292-300 (2006)
Lee, GM., Gortmaker, SL., McIntosh, K., Hughes, MD., Oleske, JM. Quality of life for children and adolescents: impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. Pediatrics. Feb; 117(2): 273-83 (2006)
Kuritzkes, DR. HIV-1 subtype as a determinant of disease progression. J. Infect. Dis. Mar 1; 197(5): 638-9 (2008)
Antelman, G., Kaaya, S., Wei, R., Mbwambo, J., Msamanga, GI., Fawzi, WW., Fawzi, MC. Depressive symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania. JAIDS. Apr 1; 44(4): 470-7 (2007)
MacNeil, A., Sankale, JL., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Mboup, S., Kanki, P. Long-term intrapatient viral evolution during HIV-2 infection. J. Infect. Dis. Mar 1; 195(5): 726-33 (2007)
MacNeil, A., Sankale, JL., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Mboup, S., Kanki, P. Direct evidence of lower viral replication rates in vivo in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection than in HIV-1 infection. J. Virol. May; 81(10): 5325-30 (2007)

Redd, A. D., Avalos, A., Phiri, K., and Essex, M. Infection of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by HIV-1 Subtype C, and Its Association with Anemia in Southern Africa. Blood 110:3143-3149 (2007).
Redd, A. D., Avalos, A., Phiri, K., and Essex, M. Effects of HIV Type 1 Infection on Hematopoiesis in Botswana. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:996-1003 (2007).
Fisher, JC., Cook, PA., Sam, NE., Kapiga, SH. Patterns of alcohol use, problem drinking, and HIV infection among high-risk African women. Sex. Transm. Dis. Jun; 35(6): 537-44 (2008)
Martinez, P., Andia, I., Emenyonu, N., Hahn, J A., Hauff, E., Pepper, L., Bangsberg, DR. Alcohol use, depressive symptoms and the receipt of antiretroviral therapy in southwest Uganda. AIDS-Behav. Jul; 12(4): 605-12 (2008)
Fisher, JC., Bang, H., Kapiga, SH. The association between HIV infection and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of African studies. Sex. Transm. Dis Nov; 34(11): 856-63
(2007)
Weiser, SD., Leiter, K., Heisler, M., McFarland, W., Percy-de-Korte, F., DeMonner, SM., Tlou, S., Phaladze, N., Iacopino, V., Bangsberg, D R. A population-based study on alcohol and high-risk sexual behaviors in Botswana. PLoS Med. Oct; 3(10): e392 (2006)

Bussmann, C., Rotz, P., Ndwapi, N., Baxter, D., Bussmann, Hi., Wester, W.C., Ncube, P., Avalos, A., Mine, M., Mabe, E., Burns, P.J., Cardiello, P., Makehma, J., Marlink, R. Strengthening Healthcard Capacity Through a Responsive, Country-Specific, Training Standard: The KITSO AIDS Training Program's Support of Botswana's National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout. The Open AIDS Journal, 2:8-20 (2008)
Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. Re: This special issue of AIDS--a mix of recent economic analyses and commentary on how best to distill economic insights to improve HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. AIDS. Jul; 22 Suppl 1: S1-4
(2008)
Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. Informing scale-up and resource allocation: the use of economic analysis. AIDS. Jul; 22 Suppl 1: S5-6 (2008)
Marlink, R., Forsythe, S., Bertozzi, SM., Muirhead, D., Holmes, M., Sturchio, J. The economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on households and economies. AIDS. Jul; 22 Suppl 1: S87-8 (2008)
Moatti, JP., Marlink, R., Luchini, S., Kazatchkine, M. Universal access to HIV treatment in developing countries: going beyond the misinterpretations of the 'cost-effectiveness' algorithm. AIDS. Jul; 22 Suppl 1: S59-66 (2008)
Moatti, JP, Marlink, R., Luchini, S., Kazatchkine, M., Universal Access to HIV Treatnent in Developing Countries: Going Beyond the Misinterpretations of the "Cost-effectiveness" Algorithm. AIDS, 22:S59-S6 (2008).
Armstrong, K.L., Lee, TH, and Essex, M. Replicative Capacity Differences of Thymidine Analog Resistance Mutations in Subtype B and C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 83: 4051-4059 (2009)
Assoumou, L., Brun-Vezinet, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Kuritzkes, D., Phillips, A., Zolopa, A., Degruttola, V., Miller, V., Costagliola, D. Initiatives for developing and comparing genotype interpretation systems: external validation of existing systems for didanosine against virological response. J. Infect. Dis. Aug 15; 198(4): 470-80 (2008)
Bangsberg, DR. Preventing HIV antiretroviral resistance through better monitoring of treatment adherence. J. Infect. Dis. May 15; 197 Suppl 3: S272-8 (2008)
Bangsberg, DR. A paradigm shift to prevent HIV drug resistance. PLoS Med. May 20; 5(5): e111 (2008)
Kuritzkes, DR., Lalama, CM., Ribaudo, HJ., Marcial, M., Meyer, WA, 3rd; Shikuma, C., Johnson,V A., Fiscus, SA., D'Aquila, RT., Schackman, BR., Acosta, EP., Gulick, RM. Preexisting resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors predicts virologic failure of an efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. J. Infect. Dis. Mar 15; 197(6): 867-70 (2008)
Marconi, VC., Sunpath, H., Lu, Z., Gordon, M., Koranteng-Apeagyei, K., Hampton, J., Carpenter, S., Giddy, J., Ross, D., Holst, H., Losina, E., Walker, BD., Kuritzkes, DR. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Clin. Infect. Dis. May 15; 46(10): 1589-97 (2008)
Parienti, JJ., Das-Douglas, M., Massari, V., Guzman, D., Deeks, SG., Verdon, R., Bangsberg, DR. Not all missed doses are the same: sustained NNRTI treatment interruptions predict HIV rebound at low-to-moderate adherence levels. PLoS ONE. 3(7): e2783 (2008)
Rowley, C.F., Boutwell, C.L., Lockman, S., and Essex, M. Improvement in Allele-Specific PCR Assay with the Use of Polymorphism-Specific Primers for the Analysis of Minor Variant Drug Resistance in HIV-1 subtype C. J. Virol. Methods.149:69–75 (2008).
Schumi, J., Degruttola, V. Resampling-based analyses of the effects of combinations of HIV genetic mutations on drug susceptibility. Stat. Med. Oct 15; 27(23): 4740-57 (2008)
Tsibris, AM., Sagar, M., Gulick, RM., Su, Z., Hughes, M., Greaves, W., Subramanian,M., Flexner, C., Giguel, F., Leopold, KE., Coakley, E., Kuritzkes, DR. In vivo emergence of vicriviroc resistance in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C-infected subject. J. Virol. Aug; 82(16): 8210-4 (2008)
Yang, Y., Degruttola, V. Resampling-based multiple testing methods with covariate adjustment: application to investigation of antiretroviral drug susceptibility. Biometrics. Jun; 64(2): 329-36 (2008)
Healy, B., Degruttola, V. Hidden Markov models for settings with interval-censored transition times and uncertain time origin: application to HIV genetic analyses. Biostatistics. Apr; 8(2): 438-52 (2007)
Novitsky, V., Wester, C. W., De Gruttola, V., Bussmann, H., Gaseitsiwe, S., Thomas, A., Moyo, S., Musonda, R., van Widenfelt, E., Marlink, R. G., and Essex, M. The Reverse Transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y Genotype Is the Predominant TAM Pathway Associated with Virologic Failure among HIV Type 1C-Infected Adults Treated with ZDV/ddI-Containing HAART in Southern Africa. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:868-878 (2007).
Ojesina, AI., Mullins, C., Imade, G., Samuels, J., Sankale, JL., Pam, S., Sagay, S., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Dec; 23(12): 1587-92 (2007)
Oyugi, J H., Byakika-Tusiime, J, Ragland, K., Laeyendecker, O., Mugerwa, R., Kityo, C., Mugyenyi, P., Quinn, TC., Bangsberg, D R. Treatment interruptions predict resistance in HIV-positive individuals purchasing fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS. May 11; 21(8): 965-71 (2007)
Paredes, R., Marconi, VC., Campbell, TB., Kuritzkes, DR. Systematic evaluation of allele-specific real-time PCR for the detection of minor HIV-1 variants with pol and env resistance mutations. J. Virol. Methods. Dec; 146(1-2): 136-46 (2007)
Petersen, ML., Wang, Y., van-der-Laan, MJ., Guzman, D., Riley, E., Bangsberg, DR. Pillbox organizers are associated with improved adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression: a marginal structural model analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. Oct 1; 45(7): 908-15 (2007)
Bangsberg, D R. Less than 95% adherence to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor therapy can lead to viral suppression. Clin. Infect. Dis. Oct 1; 43(7): 939-41 (2006)
Bangsberg, D R., Ware, N., Simoni, JM. Adherence without access to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa? AIDS. Jan 2; 20(1): 140-1; author reply 141-2 (2006)
Brenner, B.G., Oliveira, M., Doualla-Bell, F., Moisi, D.D., Ntemgwa, M., Frankel, F., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses Rapidly Develop K65R Resistance to Tenofovir in Cell Culture. AIDS. 20:F9-F13 (2006).
Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Brenner, B., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Ndwapi, N., Moffat, H., Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. High Prevalence of the K65R Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Isolates from Infected Patients in Botswana Treated with Didanosine-Based Regimens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:4182-4185 (2006).
Doualla-Bell, F., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Mine, M., Gaseitsiwe, S., Ndwapi, N., Novitsky, V., Brenner, B., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., Moffat, H., Thior, I, Essex, M., and Wainberg, M.A. Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C on Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients from Botswana Failing a Nelfinavir-Containing Regimen. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.50:2210-2213 (2006).
Maier, M., Bwana, M., Emenyonu, N., Pepper, L., Bangsberg, DR. How to Take HIV antiretroviral medications on time without a watch in rural Uganda. PLoS. Med. Mar; 3(3): e161 (2006)
Mills, EJ., Nachega, JB., Buchan, I., Orbinski, J., Attaran, A., Singh, S., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Cooper, C., Thabane, L., Wilson, K., Guyatt, GH., Bangsberg, D R. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America: a meta-analysis. JAMA. Aug 9; 296(6): 679-90 (2006)
Ojesina, AI., Sankale, JL., Odaibo, G., Langevin, S., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Olaleye, D., Kanki, PJ. Subtype-specific patterns in HIV Type 1 reverse transcriptase and protease in Oyo State, Nigeria: implications for drug resistance and host response. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Aug; 22(8): 770-9 (2006)
Teeravechyan, S., Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Relative Concordance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Oligomeric and Monomeric Envelope in CCR 5 Coreceptor Usage. Virology. 340:443-450 (2008).
Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Mutations in the V3 Stem versus the V3 Crown and C4 Region Have Different Effects on the Binding and Fusion Steps of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Interaction with the CCR5 Coreceptor. Virology. 360:182-190 (2007).
Trujillo, J.R., Rogers, R., Molina, R., Dangond, F., McLane, M.F., Essex, M., and Brain, J. Noninfectious Entry of HIV-1 into Peripheral and Brain Macrophages Mediated by the Mannose Receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:5097-5102 (2007).
Paca-uccaralertkun, S., Damgaard, C.K., Auewarakul, P., Thitithanyanont, A., Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., Kjems, J., and Lee, T.H. The Effect of a Single Nucleotide Substitution in the Splicing Silencer in the tat/rev Intron on HIV Type 1 Envelope Expression. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 22:76-82 (2006).
Msisha, WM., Kapiga, S H., Earls, F J. Subramanian,-S-V. Place matters: multilevel investigation of HIV distribution in Tanzania. AIDS. Mar 30; 22(6): 741-8 (2008)
Drain, PK., Kupka, R., Msamanga, GI., Urassa, W., Mugusi, F., Fawzi, WW. C-reactive protein independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-poor setting. AIDS. Oct 1; 21(15): 2067-75 (2007)
Hamel, DJ., Sankale, JL., Eisen, G., Meloni, ST., Mullins, C., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. Twenty Years of Prospective Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Changes in HIV Diversity.
AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Oct; 23(10): 1189-96 (2007)
Larsen, U., Mlay, J., Aboud, S., Ballard, R., Sam, NE., Shao, JF., Kapiga, SH. Design of a community-based study of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and infertility in an urban area of northern Tanzania. Sex. Transm. Dis. Jan; 34(1): 20-4 (2007)
Sankale, JL., Langevin, S., Odaibo, G., Meloni, ST., Ojesina, AI., Olaleye, D., Kanki, P. The complexity of circulating HIV type 1 strains in Oyo state, Nigeria. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Aug; 23(8): 1020-5 (2007)
Kapiga, SH., Sam, NE., Mlay, J., Aboud, S., Ballard, RC., Shao, JF., Larsen, U. The epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in northern Tanzania: results from a community-based study. AIDS Care. May; 18(4): 379-87 (2006)
Vasan, A., Renjifo, B., Hertzmark, E., Chaplin, B., Msamanga, G., Essex, M., Fawzi, W., and Hunter, D. Different Rates of Disease Progression of HIV Type 1 Infection in Tanzania Based on Infecting Subtype. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:843-852 (2006).
Genetics of Susceptibility to HIV
Hendrickson, SL., Jacobson, LP., Nelson, GW., Phair, JP., Lautenberger, J., Johnson, RC., Kingsley, L., Margolick, JB., Detels, R., Goedert, JJ., O'Brien, SJ. Host genetic influences on highly active antiretroviral therapy efficacy and AIDS-free survival. JAIDS. Jul 1; 48(3): 263-71 (2008)
Hutcheson, HB., Lautenberger, JA., Nelson, GW., Pontius, JU., Kessing, BD., Winkler, CA., Smith, MW., Johnson, R., Stephens, R., Phair, J., Goedert, JJ., Donfield, S., O'Brien, SJ. Detecting AIDS restriction genes: from candidate genes to genome-wide association discovery. Vaccine. Jun 6; 26(24): 2951-65 (2008)
An, P., Wang, LH., Hutcheson-Dilks, H., Nelson, G., Donfield, S., Goedert, JJ., Rinaldo, CR., Buchbinder, S., Kirk, G.,D; O'Brien, SJ., Winkler, CA. Regulatory polymorphisms in the cyclophilin A gene, PPIA, accelerate progression to AIDS. PLoS. Pathog. Jun; 3(6): e88 (2007)
Nelson, GW., O'Brien, SJ. Using mutual information to measure the impact of multiple genetic factors on AIDS. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. Jul; 42(3): 347-54 (2006)
Shrestha, S., Strathdee, SA., Galai, N., Oleksyk, T., Fallin, MD., Mehta, S., Schaid, D., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, SJ., Smith, MW. Behavioral risk exposure and host genetics of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. J, Infect. Dis. Jan 1; 193(1): 16-26 (2006)

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)
Hendrickson, SL., Jacobson, LP., Nelson, GW., Phair, JP., Lautenberger, J., Johnson, RC., Kingsley, L., Margolick, JB., Detels, R., Goedert, JJ., O'Brien, SJ. Host genetic influences on highly active antiretroviral therapy efficacy and AIDS-free survival. JAIDS. Jul 1; 48(3): 263-71 (2008)
Hughes, MD., Ribaudo, HR. The search for data on when to start treatment for HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis. Apr 15; 197(8): 1084-6 (2008)
Marconi, V., Bonhoeffer, S., Paredes, R., Lu, J., Hoh, R., Martin, JN., Deeks, SG., Kuritzkes, DR. Viral dynamics and in vivo fitness of HIV-1 in the presence and absence of enfuvirtide. JAIDS. Aug 15; 48(5): 572-6 (2008)
Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Van-Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd., Long-term effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the survival of children and adolescents with HIV infection: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin. Infect. Dis. Feb 15; 46(4): 507-15 (2008)
Patel, K., Hernan, MA., Williams, PL., Seeger, JD., McIntosh, K., Dyke, RB., Seage, GR, 3rd. Long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ cell evolution among children and adolescents infected with HIV: 5 years and counting. Clin. Infect. Dis. Jun 1; 46(11): 1751-60 (2008)
Williams, PL., Van-Dyke, R., Eagle, M., Smith, D., Vincent, C., Ciupak, G., Oleske, J., Seage, GR, 3rd. Association of site-specific and participant-specific factors with retention of children in a long-term pediatric HIV cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. Jun 1; 167(11): 1375-86 (2008)
Briand, N., Lallemant, M., Jourdain, G., Techapalokul, S., Tunthanathip, P., Suphanich, S., Chanpoo, T., Traisathit, P., McIntosh, K., Le-Coeur, S. Haematological safety of perinatal zidovudine in pregnant HIV-1-infected women in Thailand: secondary analysis of a randomized trial. PLoS Clin. Trials. 2(4): e11 (2007)
Brogly, SB., Ylitalo, N., Mofenson, LM., Oleske, J., Van-Dyke, R., Crain, MJ., Abzug, MJ., Brady, M., Jean-Philippe, P., Hughes, MD., Seage, GR, 3rd. In utero nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure and signs of possible mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children. AIDS. May 11; 21(8): 929-38 (2007)
Bussmann, H., Wester, C.W., Wester, C.N., Lekoko, B., Okezie, O., Thomas, A.M., DeGruttola, S.M.V., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Marlink, R.G. Pregnancy Rates and Birth Outcomes among Women on Efavirenz-Containing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 45:269-273 (2007).
Deeks, SG., Lu, J., Hoh, R., Neilands, TB., Beatty, G., Huang, W., Liegler, T., Hunt, P., Martin, JN., Kuritzkes, DR. Interruption of enfuvirtide in HIV-1 infected adults with incomplete viral suppression on an enfuvirtide-based regimen. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 1; 195(3): 387-91 (2007)
Flynn, PM., Rudy, BJ., Lindsey, JC., Douglas, SD., Lathey, J., Spector, SA., Martinez, J., Silio, M., Belzer, M., Friedman, L., D'Angelo, L., Smith, E., Hodge, J., Hughes, MD. Long-term observation of adolescents initiating HAART therapy: three-year follow-up. AIDS. Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Oct; 23(10): 1208-14 (2007)
Gulick, RM., Lalama, CM., Ribaudo, HJ., Shikuma, CM., Schackman, BR., Schouten, J., Squires, KE., Koletar, SL., Pilcher, CD., Reichman, RC., Klingman, KL., Kuritzkes, DR. Intensification of a triple-nucleoside regimen with tenofovir or efavirenz in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression. AIDS. Apr 23; 21(7): 813-23 (2007)
Gulick, RM., Su, Z., Flexner, C., Hughes, MD., Skolnik, PR., Wilkin, TJ., Gross, R., Krambrink, A., Coakley, E.,Greaves, WL., Zolopa, A., Reichman, R., Godfrey, C .,Hirsch, M., Kuritzkes, DR. Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 inhibitor, in HIV-1-Infected, treatment-experienced patients: AIDS clinical trials group 5211. J. Infect. Dis. Jul 15; 196(2): 304-12 (2007)
Kuritzkes, DR., Ribaudo, HJ., Squires, KE., Koletar, SL., Santana, J., Riddler, SA., Reichman, R., Shikuma, C., Meyer, WA, 3rd, Klingman, KL., Gulick, RM. Plasma HIV-1 RNA dynamics in antiretroviral-naive subjects receiving either triple-nucleoside or efavirenz-containing regimens: ACTG A5166s. J. Infect. Dis. Apr 15; 195(8): 1169-76 (2007)
Lindsey, JC., Malee, KM., Brouwers, P., Hughes, MD. Neurodevelopmental functioning in HIV-infected infants and young children before and after the introduction of protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatrics. Mar; 119(3): e681-93 (2007)
Ribaudo, HJ., Kuritzkes, DR., Gulick, RM. A comparison of three initial antiretroviral AIDS regimens. N. Engl. J. Med. Sep 6; 357(10): 1056-7 (2007)
Tsibris, AM., Kuritzkes, DR. Chemokine antagonists as therapeutics: focus on HIV-1. Annu. Rev. Med. 58: 445-59 (2007)
Wester, C.W., Okezie, O.A., Thomas, A.M., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Muzenda, T., Makhema, J., van Widenfelt, E., Musonda, R., Novitsky, V., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi, N., Essex, M., Kuritzkes, D.R., Degruttola, V., and Marlink, R.G. Higher-than-Expected Rates of Lactic Acidosis Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated Women in Botswana: Preliminary Results from a Large Randomized Clinical Trial. JAIDS.46:318-322 (2007).
Cressey, TR., Leenasirimakul, P., Jourdain, G., Tawon, Y., Sukrakanchana, PO., Lallemant, M. Intensive pharmacokinetics of zidovudine 200 mg twice daily in HIV-1-infected patients weighing less than 60 kg on highly active antiretroviral therapy. JAIDS. Jul; 42(3): 387-9 (2006)
Mills, EJ., Nachega, JB., Buchan, I., Orbinski, J., Attaran, A., Singh, S., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Cooper, C., Thabane, L., Wilson, K., Guyatt, GH., Bangsberg, D R. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa and North America: a meta-analysis. JAMA. Aug 9; 296(6): 679-90 (2006)
Wolfe W, Weiser S, Bangsberg D, Thior I, Makhema J, Dickinson D, Mompati K, Marlink R. Effects of HIV-Related Stigma among an Early Sample of Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. AIDS Care, 18:8 (2006).
Kapiga, S.H., Sam, N.E., Bang, H., Ni, Q., Ao, T.T.H., Kiwelu, I., Chiduo, S., Ndibe, U., Seage, G. III, Coplan, P., Shao, J., Rosenberg, Z.F., and Essex, M. The Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Other Genital Infections in the Acquisition of HIV-1 among High-Risk Women in Northern Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 195:1260-1269 (2007).
Tassiopoulos, K.K., Seage, G., III, Sam, N., Kiwelu, I., Shao, J., Ao, T.T.H., Essex, M., Coplan, P., Rosenberg, Z., Hughes, M., and Kapiga, S. Predictors of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Incidence among Bar and Hotel Workers in Moshi, Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 195:493-501 (2007).
Boutwell, C., and Essex, M. Identification of Class I HLA-Associated Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the HIV-1C Proteome. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23:165-174 (2007).
Novitsky, V., Gilbert, P., Shea, K., McLane, M.F., Rybak, N., Klein, I., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Interactive Association of Proviral Load and IFN-γ–Secreting T Cell Responses in HIV-1C Infection. Virology. 349:142-155 (2006).
Rodriguez, SK., Sarr, AD., Olorunnipa, O., Popper, SJ., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Traore, I., Dia, MC., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. The absence of anti-Tat antibodies is associated with risk of disease progression in HIV-2 infection. J. Infect. Dis Sep 15; 194(6): 760-3 (2006)
Wester, C.W., Bussmann, H., Moyo, S., Avalos, A., Gaolathe, T., Ndwapi N., Essex, M., MacGregor, R.R., and Marlink, R.G. Serological Evidence of HIV-Associated Infection among HIV-1–Infected Adults in Botswana. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43:1612-1615 (2006).
Ojesina, AI., Chaplin, B., Sankale, JL., Murphy, R., Idigbe, E., Adewole, I., Ekong, E., Idoko, J., Kanki, PJ. Interplay of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Therapy and Gag p6 Diversity in HIV Type 1 Subtype G and CRF02_AG. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Sep; 24(9): 1167-74 (2008)
Phuphuakrat A, Kraiwong R, Boonarkart C, Lauhakirti D, Lee TH, Auewarakul P. Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases enhance expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins. J. Virol. Nov;82(21):10864-72. (2008)
Teeravechyan S, Suphaphiphat P, Essex M, Lee TH. Relative concordance of human immunodeficiency virus oligomeric and monomeric
envelope in CCR5 coreceptor usage.
Virology. Jan 20;370(2):443-50. Epub 2007 Oct 22. (2008)
Ulenga, NK., Sarr, AD., Thakore-Meloni, S., Sankale, J-L., Eisen, G., Kanki, PJ. Relationship between human immunodeficiency type 1 infection and expression of human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. J. Infect. Dis. Aug 15; 198(4): 486-92 (2008)
Ulenga, NK., Sarr, AD., Hamel, D., Sankale, JL., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. The Level of APOBEC3G (hA3G)-Related G-to-A Mutations Does Not Correlate with Viral Load in HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. Oct; 24(10): 1285-90 (2008)
Hu, Z., Hatano, H., Hammond, SP., Smith, D., Wild, M., Gupta, S., Whitcomb, J., Kalayjian, RC., Gripshover, B., Kuritzkes, DR. Virologic characterization of HIV type 1 with a codon 70 deletion in reverse transcriptase. JAIDS. Aug 15; 45(5): 494-500 (2007)
Suphaphiphat, P., Essex, M., and Lee, T.H. Mutations in the V3 Stem versus the V3 Crown and C4 Region Have Different Effects on the Binding and Fusion Steps of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Interaction with the CCR5 Coreceptor. Virology. 360:182-190 (2007).
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Blackard, J., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Risk of HIV-1 Transmission by Breastfeeding among Mothers Infected with Recombinant and Non-recombinant HIV-1 Genotypes. Virus Res. 120:191-198 (2006).
MacNeil, A., Sankale, J-L., Meloni, ST., Sarr, AD., Mboup, S., Kanki, P. Genomic sites of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) integration: similarities to HIV-1 in vitro and possible differences in vivo. J. Virol. Aug; 80(15): 7316-21 (2006)
Ndung’u, T., Sepako, E., McLane, M.F., Chand, F., Bedi, K., Gaseitsiwe, S., Doualla-Bell, F., Peter, T., Thior, I., Moyo, S.M., Gilbert, P., Novitsky, V.A., and Essex, M. HIV-1 Subtype C In VitroGrowthand Coreceptor Utilization. Virology. 347:247-260 (2006).
Novitsky, V., Gilbert, P., Shea, K., McLane, M.F., Rybak, N., Klein, I., Thior, I., Ndung’u, T., Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Interactive Association of Proviral Load and IFN-γ–Secreting T Cell Responses in HIV-1C Infection. Virology. 349:142-155 (2006).
Montano, M., Rarick, M., Sebastiani, P., Brinkmann, P., Russell, M., Navis, A., Wester, C., Thior, I., and Essex, M. Gene-Expression Profiling of HIV-1 Infection and Perinatal Transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun. 7:298-309 (2006).
O’Neill, E., Baugh, L.L., Novitsky, V.A., Essex, M.E., and Garcia, J.V. Intra- and Intersubtype Alternative Pak2-Activating Structural Motifs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef. J. Virol. 80:8824-8829 (2006).
Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Aboud, S., Msamanga, GI., Finkelstein, JL., Spiegelman, D., Fawzi, WW. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and child outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Jun; 87(6): 1802-8 (2008)
Villamor, E., Mugusi, F., Urassa, W., Bosch, RJ., Saathoff, E., Matsumoto, K., Meydani, SN., Fawzi, WW. A trial of the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcome, T cell counts, morbidity, and mortality in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. Jun 1; 197(11): 1499-505 (2008)
Drain, PK., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F., Fawzi, WW. Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Feb; 85(2): 333-45 (2007)
Fawzi, WW., Msamanga, GI., Urassa, W., Hertzmark, E., Petraro, P., Willett, WC., Spiegelman, D. Vitamins and perinatal outcomes among HIV-negative women in Tanzania. N. Engl. J. Med. Apr 5; 356(14): 1423-31 (2007)
Villamor, E., Koulinska, IN., Furtado, J., Baylin, A., Aboud, S., Manji, K., Campos, H., Fawzi, WW. Long-chain n 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Sep; 86(3): 682-9 (2007)
Bangsberg, DR. The Achilles' heel of HIV treatment in resource-limited settings. JAIDS. Feb 1; 47(2): 266-7 (2008)
Gruskin, S., Tarantola, D. Universal Access to HIV prevention, treatment and care: assessing the inclusion of human rights in international and national strategic plans. AIDS. Aug; 22 Suppl 2: S123-32 (2008)
Gruskin, S., Firestone, R., Maccarthy, S., Ferguson, L. HIV and pregnancy intentions: do services adequately respond to women's needs? Am. J. Public Health. Oct; 98(10): 1746-50 (2008)
Kamo, N., Carlson, M., Brennan, RT., Earls, F. Young citizens as health agents: use of drama in promoting community efficacy for HIV/AIDS. Am. J. Public Health. Feb; 98(2): 201-4 (2008)
Tarantola, D., Gruskin, S. Pragmatic pathways to universal access: leadership, equity, accountability and partnerships in HIV prevention and care. AIDS. Aug; 22 Suppl 2: S1-2 (2008)
Toure, S., Kouadio, B., Seyler, C.,Traore, M., Dakoury-Dogbo, N., Duvignac, J., Diakite, N., Karcher, S. Grundmann, C., Marlink, R., Dabis, F., Anglaret, X. Rapid scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy in 10,000 adults in Cote d'Ivoire: 2-year outcomes and determinants. AIDS. Apr 23; 22(7): 873-82 (2008)
Gruskin, S., Ferguson, L., Bogecho, D. O. Beyond the numbers: using rights-based perspectives to enhance antiretroviral treatment scale-up. AIDS. Oct; 21 Suppl 5: S13-9 ( 2007)
Tarantola, D., Gruskin, S. New guidance on recommended HIV testing and counselling. Lancet. Jul 21; 370(9583): 202-3 (2007)
Stringer, JS., Zulu, I., Levy, J., Stringer, EM., Mwango, A., Chi, BH., Mtonga, V., Reid, S., Cantrell, RA., Bulterys, M., Saag, MS., Marlink, RG., Mwinga, A., Ellerbrock, TV., Sinkala, M. Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia: feasibility and early outcomes. JAMA Aug 16; 296(7): 782-93 (2006)
Earls, F., Raviola, GJ., Carlson, M. Promoting child and adolescent mental health in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. Mar; 49(3): 295-312 (2008)
Lagakos, SW., Gable, AR. Challenges to HIV prevention--seeking effective measures in the absence of a vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. Apr 10; 358(15): 1543-5 (2008)

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT)
Chigwedere, P., Seage, G.R. III, Lee, T.H., and Essex, M. Efficacy of Antiretroviral Drugs in Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Published Clinical Trials. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 24(6): 827-37 (2008).
Zhang, P., Lagakos, SW. Analysis of time to a silent event whose occurrence is monitored with error, with application to mother-to-child HIV transmission. Stat. Med. Oct 15; 27(23): 4637-46 (2008)
Jourdain, G., Mary, JY., Coeur, SL., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Yuthavisuthi, P., Limtrakul, A., Traisathit, P., McIntosh, K., Lallemant, M. Risk Factors for In Utero or Intrapartum Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Thailand. J.Infect. Dis. Dec 1; 196(11): 1629-36 (2007)
Kantarci, S., Koulinska, IN., Aboud, S., Fawzi, WW., Villamor, E. Subclinical mastitis, cell-associated HIV-1 shedding in breast milk, and breast-feeding transmission of HIV-1. JAIDS. Dec 15; 46(5): 651-4 (2007)
Lockman, S., McIntyre, JA. Reduction of HIV-1 drug resistance after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine. Lancet. Nov 17; 370(9600):1668-70 (2007)
Lockman, S., Shapiro, R.L., Smeaton, L.M., Wester, C., Thior, I., Stevens, L., Chand, F., Makhema, J., Moffat, C., Asmelash, A., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., van Widenfelt, E., Mazhani, L., Novitsky, V., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Response to Antiretroviral Therapy after a Single, Peripartum Dose of Nevirapine. N. Engl. J. Med. 356:135-147 (2007).
Shapiro, R.L., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Smeaton, L., Rahkola, J.T., Thior, I., Wester, C., Moffat, C., Arimi, P., Ndase, P., Asmelash, A., Stevens, L., Montano, M., Makhema, J., Essex, M., and Janoff, E.N. Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and Breast Milk Immunologic Profiles among Breastfeeding HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in Botswana. J. Infect. Dis. 196:562-569 (2007).
Thior, I., Gabaitiri, L., Grimes, J., Shapiro, R., Lockman, S., Kim, S., Kebaabetswe, P., Garmey, E., Montano, M., Peter, T., Chang, S.Y., Marlink, R., and Essex M. Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Post-Partum Women in Botswana. Patient Educ. Couns. 65:296-302 (2007).
Barin, F., Jourdain, G., Brunet, S., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Weerawatgoompa, S ., Karnchanamayul, W., Ariyadej, S., Hansudewechakul, R., Achalapong, J., Yuthavisuthi, P., Ngampiyaskul, C., Bhakeecheep, S., Hemwutthiphan, C., Lallemant, M. Revisiting the role of neutralizing antibodies in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. J. Infect. Dis. Jun 1; 193(11): 1504-11 (2006)
Briand, N., Le-Coeur, S., Traisathit, P., Karnchanamayul, V., Hansudewechakul, R., Ngampiyasakul, C., Bhakeecheep, S., Ithisukanan, J., Hongsiriwon, S., McIntosh, K., Lallemant, M. Growth of human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected children exposed to perinatal zidovudine for the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. Apr; 25(4): 325-32 (2006)
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Chaplin, B. Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Transmission of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Through Breast-Feeding. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 41:93-99 (2006).
Koulinska, I.N., Villamor, E., Msamanga, G., Fawzi, W., Blackard, J., Renjifo, B., and Essex, M. Risk of HIV-1 Transmission by Breastfeeding among Mothers Infected with Recombinant and Non-recombinant HIV-1 Genotypes. Virus Res. 120:191-198 (2006).
Montano, M., Rarick, M., Sebastiani, P., Brinkmann, P., Russell, M., Navis, A., Wester, C., Thior, I., and Essex, M. Gene-Expression Profiling of HIV-1 Infection and Perinatal Transmission in Botswana. Genes Immun. 7:298-309 (2006).
Shapiro, R.L., Thior, I., Gilbert, P.B., Lockman, S., Wester, C., Smeaton, L.M., Stevens, L., Heymann, S.J., Ndung’u, T., Gaseitsiwe, S., Novitsky, V., Makhema, J., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M. Maternal Single-Dose Nevirapine versus Placebo as Part of an Antiretroviral Strategy to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Botswana. AIDS. 20:1281-1288 (2006).
Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Wester, C., Heymann, S.J., Gilbert, P.B., Stevens, L., Peter, T., Kim, S., van Widenfelt, E., Moffat, C., Ndase, P., Arimi, P., Kebaabetswe, P., Mazonde, P., Makhema, J., McIntosh, K., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Marlink, R., Lagakos, S., and Essex, M., for the Mashi Study Team. Breastfeeding Plus Infant Zidovudine Prophylaxis for 6 Months vs Formula Feeding Plus Infant Zidovudine for 1 Month to Reduce Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Botswana. A Randomized Trial: The Mashi Study. JAMA. 296:794-805 (2006).
Rodriguez, SK., Sarr, AD., MacNeil, A., Thakore-Meloni, S., Gueye-Ndiaye, A., Traore, I., Dia, MC., Mboup, S., Kanki, PJ. Comparison of heterologous neutralizing antibody responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-infected Senegalese patients: distinct patterns of breadth and magnitude distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. J. Virol. May; 81(10): 5331-8 (2007)
Da’dara, A.A., Lautsch, N., Novitsky, V., Lee, T.H., Essex, M., and Harn, D.A. Helminth Infection Suppresses T Cell Immune Response to HIV-DNA-Based Vaccine in Mice. Vaccine. 24:5211-5219 (2006).
Nkolola, J.P., and Essex, M. Progress Towards an HIV-1 Subtype C Vaccine. Vaccine. 24:391-401 (2006).